Albert A, Alfaro R, Alvarez C, Angeles Camacho J R, Arteaga-Velázquez J C, Arunbabu K P, Avila Rojas D, Ayala Solares H A, Baghmanyan V, Belmont-Moreno E, BenZvi S Y, Brisbois C, Caballero-Mora K S, Capistrán T, Carramiñana A, Casanova S, Cotti U, Cotzomi J, Coutiño de León S, De la Fuente E, de León C, Dingus B L, DuVernois M A, Díaz-Vélez J C, Ellsworth R W, Engel K, Espinoza C, Fleischhack H, Fraija N, Galván-Gámez A, Garcia D, García-González J A, Garfias F, González M M, Goodman J A, Harding J P, Hernandez S, Hona B, Huang D, Hueyotl-Zahuantitla F, Hüntemeyer P, Iriarte A, Joshi V, Lara A, Lee W H, León Vargas H, Linnemann J T, Longinotti A L, Luis-Raya G, Lundeen J, López-Coto R, Malone K, Marinelli S S, Martinez-Castellanos I, Martínez-Castro J, Martínez-Huerta H, Matthews J A, Miranda-Romagnoli P, Morales-Soto J A, Moreno E, Nayerhoda A, Nellen L, Newbold M, Nisa M U, Noriega-Papaqui R, Omodei N, Peisker A, Pérez-Pérez E G, Rho C D, Rivière C, Rosa-González D, Rosenberg M, Ruiz-Velasco E, Salazar H, Salesa Greus F, Sandoval A, Schneider M, Schoorlemmer H, Sinnis G, Smith A J, Springer R W, Surajbali P, Tabachnick E, Tanner M, Tibolla O, Tollefson K, Torres I, Torres-Escobedo R, Weisgarber T, Yodh G, Zepeda A, Zhou H
Physics Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, USA.
Instituto de Física, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de Mexico 04510, Mexico.
Phys Rev Lett. 2020 Apr 3;124(13):131101. doi: 10.1103/PhysRevLett.124.131101.
Because of the high energies and long distances to the sources, astrophysical observations provide a unique opportunity to test possible signatures of Lorentz invariance violation (LIV). Superluminal LIV enables the decay of photons at high energy. The high altitude water Cherenkov (HAWC) observatory is among the most sensitive gamma-ray instruments currently operating above 10 TeV. HAWC finds evidence of 100 TeV photon emission from at least four astrophysical sources. These observations exclude, for the strongest of the limits set, the LIV energy scale to 2.2×10^{31} eV, over 1800 times the Planck energy and an improvement of 1 to 2 orders of magnitude over previous limits.
由于天体物理观测所涉及的能量极高且源的距离很远，所以它为检验洛伦兹不变性破缺（LIV）的可能特征提供了一个独特的机会。超光速的洛伦兹不变性破缺会使高能光子发生衰变。高海拔水切伦科夫（HAWC）天文台是目前运行的在10 TeV以上最灵敏的伽马射线仪器之一。HAWC发现了至少四个天体物理源发出100 TeV光子的证据。对于所设定的最强限制而言，这些观测将洛伦兹不变性破缺的能量尺度排除至2.2×10³¹ eV，这一数值超过普朗克能量1800多倍，并且比之前的限制提高了1至2个数量级。
