Department of Biological Science, Program in Neuroscience, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL, USA.
Adv Exp Med Biol. 2020;1260:193-265. doi: 10.1007/978-3-030-42667-5_9.
Worldwide, individuals are living longer due to medical and scientific advances, increased availability of medical care and changes in public health policies. Consequently, increasing attention has been focused on managing chronic conditions and age-related diseases to ensure healthy aging. The endogenous circadian system regulates molecular, physiological and behavioral rhythms orchestrating functional coordination and processes across tissues and organs. Circadian disruption or desynchronization of circadian oscillators increases disease risk and appears to accelerate aging. Reciprocally, aging weakens circadian function aggravating age-related diseases and pathologies. In this review, we summarize the molecular composition and structural organization of the circadian system in mammals and humans, and evaluate the technological and societal factors contributing to the increasing incidence of circadian disorders. Furthermore, we discuss the adverse effects of circadian dysfunction on aging and longevity and the bidirectional interactions through which aging affects circadian function using examples from mammalian research models and humans. Additionally, we review promising methods for managing healthy aging through behavioral and pharmacological reinforcement of the circadian system. Understanding age-related changes in the circadian clock and minimizing circadian dysfunction may be crucial components to promote healthy aging.
由于医学和科学的进步、医疗保健的普及以及公共卫生政策的变化，全球范围内的人们寿命越来越长。因此，人们越来越关注管理慢性疾病和与年龄相关的疾病，以确保健康老龄化。内源性生物钟系统调节分子、生理和行为节律，协调组织和器官的功能协调和过程。生物钟紊乱或生物钟振荡器失同步会增加疾病风险，似乎会加速衰老。相反，衰老会削弱生物钟功能，加重与年龄相关的疾病和病变。在这篇综述中，我们总结了哺乳动物和人类生物钟系统的分子组成和结构组织，并评估了导致生物钟紊乱发病率增加的技术和社会因素。此外，我们通过使用来自哺乳动物研究模型和人类的例子，讨论了生物钟功能障碍对衰老和长寿的不良影响，以及衰老通过何种双向相互作用影响生物钟功能。此外，我们还回顾了通过行为和药理学强化生物钟系统来管理健康衰老的有前途的方法。了解生物钟随年龄的变化并最小化生物钟功能障碍可能是促进健康衰老的关键组成部分。
