Clavadetscher J E, Brown A M, Ankrum C, Teller D Y
Department of Psychology, University of Washington, Seattle 98195.
J Opt Soc Am A. 1988 Dec;5(12):2093-105. doi: 10.1364/josaa.5.002093.
The chromatic discrimination capabilities of 3- and 7-week-old infants were tested using 8 degrees, 417-, 448-, 486-, 540-, and 645-nm test fields embedded in a 547-nm surround and 486-nm test fields in a broadband red surround. In corroboration of earlier studies, few 3-week-old infants demonstrated chromatic discriminations, although their performance was somewhat better when one of the lights was long wavelength. Most 7-week-old infants could make chromatic discriminations, but they still demonstrated performance minima. The radiances of the test lights at the infants' performance minima were used to generate a spectral luminous efficiency curve. This curve agreed with both the adult heterochromatic brightness matches measured at 30 degrees of visual eccentricity in situ and the standard adult scotopic sensitivity curve V(lambda) over the short- and mid-wavelength range but deviated from both adult curves for the 645-nm test stimulus on a 547-nm surround. The results suggest that rod-initiated signals play a major role in infants' visual performance under the conditions tested.
使用嵌入在547纳米背景中的8度、417纳米、448纳米、486纳米、540纳米和645纳米测试光斑，以及宽带红色背景中的486纳米测试光斑，对3周龄和7周龄婴儿的颜色辨别能力进行了测试。与早期研究结果一致，很少有3周龄婴儿表现出颜色辨别能力，不过当其中一盏灯为长波长时，他们的表现会稍好一些。大多数7周龄婴儿能够进行颜色辨别，但他们的表现仍处于最低水平。利用婴儿表现最低时测试光斑的辐射亮度生成了一条光谱发光效率曲线。这条曲线在短波长和中波长范围内，与在30度视偏心率下原位测量的成人异色亮度匹配以及标准成人暗视敏感度曲线V(λ)均相符，但在547纳米背景下对于645纳米测试刺激，该曲线与两条成人曲线均有偏差。结果表明，在所测试的条件下，视杆细胞引发的信号在婴儿视觉表现中起主要作用。
