Zoology Department, Faculty of Science, Sohag University, 8562, Sohag, Egypt.
Zoology Department, Faculty of Science, Assiut University, 71516, Assiut, Egypt.
Environ Toxicol Pharmacol. 2020 Aug;78:103383. doi: 10.1016/j.etap.2020.103383. Epub 2020 Apr 7.
Pharmaceuticals residue was detected in the water bodies as a consequence of the incomplete treatment. Recently, the side impacts of that residue on aquatic creatures have received a considerable attention. However, there is insufficient information about the effect of the most consumed narcotic drug (tramadol) on fish as an aquatic model. Thus, this study aims at investigating the poikilocytosis and tissue damage in Oreochromis niloticus after the exposure to 100 and 200 mg/L of tramadol hydrochloride. Three groups of fish were used; one as a control group, and the other two groups were exposed to 100 mg/L and 200 mg/L of tramadol hydrochloride respectively for 25 days. Exposure to tramadol caused a significant increase in the percentage of poikilocytosis compared to the control group. Poikilocytosis included tear-drop cell, spindle-shaped cell, sickle cell, schistocyte, blebbed cell, acanthocyte, eccentric nucleus, amoebocyte, dividing cell, and crenated cell. Moreover, liver tissue in fish exposed to tramadol showed degeneration and vacuolization of hepatocytes and atrophy of pancreatic acini as signs of histopathological alterations. Histopathological changes of brain showed severe gliosis, dark neurons, and vacuolization in fish exposed to tramadol compared to control fish. Gills tissue showed erosion, epithelial lifting, and secondary lamellae shrinking in fish exposed to tramadol compared to control fish. In conclusion, tramadol induced histopathological changes in liver, brain, and gills of Oreochromis niloticus as well as poikilocytosis were indicated clearly. Therefore, tramadol leakage to waters should be avoided to preserve aquatic creatures.
由于处理不完全，水体中检测到药物残留。最近，该残留物质对水生生物的副作用受到了相当多的关注。然而，关于最常消耗的麻醉药物（曲马多）对鱼类这种水生模型的影响的信息还不够充分。因此，本研究旨在研究盐酸曲马多暴露于 100 和 200mg/L 时，奥利亚罗非鱼的多形核细胞和组织损伤。使用了三组鱼；一组作为对照组，另外两组分别暴露于 100mg/L 和 200mg/L 的盐酸曲马多 25 天。与对照组相比，曲马多暴露导致多形核细胞的百分比显著增加。多形核细胞包括泪滴形细胞、梭形细胞、镰刀形细胞、裂体细胞、泡状细胞、棘形细胞、偏心核、阿米巴细胞、分裂细胞和锯齿状细胞。此外，暴露于曲马多的鱼的肝脏组织显示出肝细胞变性和空泡化以及胰腺腺泡萎缩，这是组织病理学改变的迹象。与对照鱼相比，暴露于曲马多的鱼的大脑组织显示出严重的神经胶质增生、暗神经元和空泡化。与对照鱼相比，暴露于曲马多的鱼的鳃组织显示出侵蚀、上皮抬起和二级薄板收缩。总之，曲马多诱导了奥利亚罗非鱼的肝脏、大脑和鳃组织的组织病理学变化，并且明显表明了多形核细胞。因此，应该避免曲马多泄漏到水中，以保护水生生物。
