Grace P A, McShane J, Pitt H A
Department of Surgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD.
Lab Anim. 1988 Oct;22(4):326-9. doi: 10.1258/002367788780746205.
The gross anatomy of the liver, extrapetatic biliary tree, sphincter of Oddi, and pancreas in the black-tailed prairie dog (Cynomys ludovicianus), a widely used animal model for investigations into biliary physiology, pathophysiology, and pathology, was studied in 10 animals. The liver consists of 4 lobes, the left lateral, median, right lateral, and caudate. The gallbladder lies on the ventral surface of the right lobule of the median lobe. The cystic and hepatic ducts unite to form the common bile duct which enters the duodenum approximately 5 mm distal to the pylorus. The lower end of the common duct dilates forming an ampulla which is surrounded proximally by a band of circular muscle fibres which constitute the choledochal sphincter. The pancreatic duct opens separately into the duodenum approximately 80 mm from the pylorus. Earlier physiologic studies have demonstrated that the choledochal sphincter has intrinsic motility distinct from the duodenum.
对10只动物进行了研究，该动物为黑尾土拨鼠（Cynomys ludovicianus），是广泛用于胆道生理学、病理生理学和病理学研究的动物模型，研究内容为其肝脏、肝外胆管树、Oddi括约肌和胰腺的大体解剖结构。肝脏由4个叶组成，即左外侧叶、中叶、右外侧叶和尾状叶。胆囊位于中叶右小叶的腹面。胆囊管和肝管汇合形成胆总管，胆总管在距幽门约5毫米处进入十二指肠。胆总管下端扩张形成壶腹，壶腹近端被一圈构成胆总管括约肌的环形肌纤维带所环绕。胰管在距幽门约80毫米处单独开口于十二指肠。早期的生理学研究表明，胆总管括约肌具有与十二指肠不同的内在运动性。
