美国受保护健康信息泄露的趋势与特征
Trends and characteristics of protected health information breaches in the United States.
作者信息
Hossain Md Mahbub, Hong Y Alicia
机构信息
Department of Health Promotion and Community Health Sciences, School of Public Health, Texas A&M University, TX.
Department of Health Administration and Policy, College of Health and Human Services, George Mason University, VA.
出版信息
AMIA Annu Symp Proc. 2020 Mar 4;2019:1081-1090. eCollection 2019.
OBJECTIVES
To evaluate the data breaches incidents in the U.S. between 2010 and 2018, identify the characteristics of breaches involving more than a million records, and compare the changes before and after wide adoption of EHR in 2015.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
Incidents of data breaches between 2010 to 2018 were retrieved from the Office of Civil Rights portal. Descriptive statistical analyses were performed to assess the trends and characteristics, and changes between states from 2015 to 2018 were assessed and mapped.
RESULTS
From 2010 to 2018, a total of 2,529 breaches affected 194.74 million individual records. Overall, 72.08% incidents involved healthcare providers; theft (32.94%) and hacking (22.7%) were major types of breaches. Large cases affecting more than a million records happened due to compromised internal structures and systems. After 2015, the magnitude of the data breaches has changed at varying levels in the U.S. states necessitating further research and actions.
目的
评估2010年至2018年美国的数据泄露事件，确定涉及超过100万条记录的泄露事件的特征，并比较2015年电子健康记录广泛采用前后的变化。
材料与方法
从民权办公室门户网站检索2010年至2018年的数据泄露事件。进行描述性统计分析以评估趋势和特征，并评估和绘制2015年至2018年各州之间的变化。
结果
2010年至2018年，共有2529起泄露事件影响了1.9474亿条个人记录。总体而言，72.08%的事件涉及医疗保健提供者；盗窃（32.94%）和黑客攻击（22.7%）是主要的泄露类型。影响超过100万条记录的重大事件是由于内部结构和系统受损所致。2015年之后，美国各州数据泄露的规模在不同程度上发生了变化，需要进一步研究和采取行动。
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