Leabu Mircea, Niculite Cristina Mariana
University of Medicine and Pharmacy "Carol Davila", and "Victor Babes" National Institute of Pathology, Bucharest, Romania.
Discoveries (Craiova). 2014 Sep 23;2(3):e29. doi: 10.15190/d.2014.21.
Most, if not all, cells in the organism, at least in some period of their lifetime, secrete materials that are produced within the cell. Cell secretion is a phenomenon requiring membrane fusion at a specialized plasma membrane structure called the 'porosome,' which allows the material stored within secretory vesicles to be delivered to the cell's exterior environment. This is achieved when the secretory vesicles fuse at the base of the porosome complex, establishing a fusion pore or fluid continuity between the vesicle interior and the cell's exterior. Besides cell secretion, membrane fusion is necessary for intracellular membrane traffic and vesicular transport from one endomembrane bound structure to another. In addition to cell secretion, membrane fusion is necessary for intracellular membrane trafficking and vesicle transport from one intracellular membrane to another. We suggest that the debate about whether to use the term 'porosome' or 'fusion pore' to describe this process is unnecessary, since both of these terms are useful in describing aspects of the last event of cell secretion, namely exocytosis. In this review, we will summarize the information related to the discovery of the porosome, a universal secretory portal for exocytosis, and discuss porosome molecular organization and function. Finally, we will develop the notion that the porosome is a specialized plasma membrane microdomain.
生物体中的大多数细胞（如果不是全部的话），至少在其生命周期的某些阶段，会分泌细胞内产生的物质。细胞分泌是一种需要在称为“孔体”的特殊质膜结构处发生膜融合的现象，孔体可使分泌小泡中储存的物质输送到细胞的外部环境。当分泌小泡在孔体复合体底部融合时，在小泡内部和细胞外部之间建立融合孔或流体连续性，从而实现这一过程。除细胞分泌外，膜融合对于细胞内膜运输以及从一个内膜结合结构到另一个内膜结合结构的囊泡运输也是必需的。除细胞分泌外，膜融合对于细胞内膜运输以及从一个细胞内膜到另一个细胞内膜的囊泡运输也是必需的。我们认为，关于使用“孔体”还是“融合孔”来描述这一过程的争论是不必要的，因为这两个术语在描述细胞分泌的最后一个事件即胞吐作用的各个方面时都很有用。在这篇综述中，我们将总结与孔体（一种用于胞吐作用的通用分泌门户）的发现相关的信息，并讨论孔体的分子组织和功能。最后，我们将提出孔体是一种特殊的质膜微结构域的观点。
