School of Behavior Analysis, Florida Institute of Technology, Melbourne, FL, USA.
Department of Psychology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA.
J Appl Anim Welf Sci. 2021 Oct-Dec;24(4):372-378. doi: 10.1080/10888705.2020.1753191. Epub 2020 Apr 20.
Shaping through differential reinforcement of successive approximations to a target response has been a cornerstone procedure for the training of novel behavior. However, much of how it has traditionally been implemented occurs through informal observation, rather than any direct, systematic measurement. In the following study, an African crested porcupine () was trained to touch and hold to a target for 30 s. A changing-criterion design with one reversal was used to assess the success of the shaping procedure and empirically examine the effects of the shaping procedure during each step of the program. The study allowed for the examination of each approximation across all other approximations, as well as across aberrant (e.g., trial-terminating) responses. The design and procedure allow for a simple and systematic way to examine the effects and success of shaping procedures across a variety of settings, species, and purposes.
通过对目标反应的连续近似进行差异强化来塑造行为，一直是新行为训练的基石程序。然而，传统上它的实施方式很大程度上是通过非正式观察，而不是任何直接的、系统的测量。在以下研究中，对一只非洲冕豪猪进行了训练，使其触摸并保持目标 30 秒。采用具有一次反转的变化标准设计来评估塑造程序的成功，并在程序的每个步骤中对塑造程序的效果进行实证检验。该研究允许检查每个近似值与所有其他近似值以及异常（例如，试验终止）反应之间的关系。该设计和程序允许以简单和系统的方式检查在各种环境、物种和目的下塑造程序的效果和成功。
