Naji Rad Sara, Vashisht Priyanka
Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai
Malar rash, also named a butterfly rash, is a common facial presentation of multiple disorders. characterized by an erythematous flat or raised rash across the bridge of the nose and cheeks, which usually spares nasolabial folds. It may be transient or progress to involve other areas of facial skin. This is mainly seen in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus. As per the American College of Rheumatology, Malar rash is one of the criteria for systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE); it may also be present with other types of lupus including discoid lupus and subacute cutaneous lupus. Differential diagnoses for malar rash are as follows: systemic lupus erythematosus, cellulitis, rosacea, erysipelas, dermatomyositis, and pellagra. Treatment starts with sun protection, including appropriate clothing, sunscreens, and behavior change and management of the underlying disease.
蝶形红斑，也称为颧部红斑，是多种疾病常见的面部表现。其特征为横跨鼻梁和脸颊的红斑，可为扁平或隆起状，通常不累及鼻唇沟。它可能是短暂性的，也可能进展至累及面部皮肤的其他区域。这主要见于系统性红斑狼疮患者。根据美国风湿病学会的标准，蝶形红斑是系统性红斑狼疮（SLE）的诊断标准之一；它也可能出现在其他类型的狼疮中，包括盘状红斑狼疮和亚急性皮肤型红斑狼疮。蝶形红斑的鉴别诊断如下：系统性红斑狼疮、蜂窝织炎、酒渣鼻、丹毒、皮肌炎和糙皮病。治疗首先要做好防晒，包括穿着合适的衣物、使用防晒霜以及改变行为习惯，并对基础疾病进行管理。
