Schölderle Theresa, Haas Elisabet, Ziegler Wolfram
Clinical Neuropsychology Research Group, Institute for Phonetics and Speech Processing, Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich, Germany.
J Speech Lang Hear Res. 2020 Apr 27;63(4):1071-1082. doi: 10.1044/2020_JSLHR-19-00114. Epub 2020 Apr 18.
Purpose The aim of this study was to collect auditory-perceptual data on established symptom categories of dysarthria from typically developing children between 3 and 9 years of age, for the purpose of creating age norms for dysarthria assessment. Method One hundred forty-four typically developing children (3;0-9;11 [years;months], 72 girls and 72 boys) participated. We used a computer-based game specifically designed for this study to elicit sentence repetitions and spontaneous speech samples. Speech recordings were analyzed using the auditory-perceptual criteria of the Bogenhausen Dysarthria Scales, a standardized German assessment tool for dysarthria in adults. The Bogenhausen Dysarthria Scales (scales and features) cover clinically relevant dimensions of speech and allow for an evaluation of well-established symptom categories of dysarthria. Results The typically developing children exhibited a number of speech characteristics overlapping with established symptom categories of dysarthria (e.g., breathy voice, frequent inspirations, reduced articulatory precision, decreased articulation rate). Substantial progress was observed between 3 and 9 years of age, but with different developmental trajectories across different dimensions. In several areas (e.g., respiration, voice quality), 9-year-olds still presented with salient developmental speech characteristics, while in other dimensions (e.g., prosodic modulation), features typically associated with dysarthria occurred only exceptionally, even in the 3-year-olds. Conclusions The acquisition of speech motor functions is a prolonged process not yet completed with 9 years. Various developmental influences (e.g., anatomic-physiological changes) shape children's speech specifically. Our findings are a first step toward establishing auditory-perceptual norms for dysarthria in children of kindergarten and elementary school age. Supplemental Material https://doi.org/10.23641/asha.12133380.
目的 本研究旨在收集3至9岁发育正常儿童构音障碍既定症状类别的听觉感知数据，以便为构音障碍评估建立年龄常模。方法 144名发育正常儿童（3岁0个月至9岁11个月，72名女孩和72名男孩）参与了研究。我们使用专门为此研究设计的基于计算机的游戏来引出句子重复和自发言语样本。使用Bogenhausen构音障碍量表的听觉感知标准对语音记录进行分析，该量表是一种针对成人构音障碍的标准化德国评估工具。Bogenhausen构音障碍量表（量表和特征）涵盖了言语的临床相关维度，并允许对既定的构音障碍症状类别进行评估。结果 发育正常的儿童表现出一些与既定构音障碍症状类别重叠的言语特征（如呼吸声、频繁吸气、发音精度降低、发音速率下降）。在3至9岁之间观察到了显著进展，但不同维度的发展轨迹不同。在几个方面（如呼吸、嗓音质量），9岁儿童仍表现出明显的发育性言语特征，而在其他维度（如韵律调制），即使在3岁儿童中，通常与构音障碍相关的特征也仅偶尔出现。结论 言语运动功能的获得是一个漫长的过程，9岁时尚未完成。各种发育影响（如解剖生理变化）具体塑造了儿童的言语。我们的研究结果是朝着为幼儿园和小学年龄儿童的构音障碍建立听觉感知常模迈出的第一步。补充材料 https://doi.org/10.23641/asha.12133380 。
