Perez-Rapela Daniel, Donlon John-Paul, Forman Jason L, Crandall Jeff R, Pipkorn Bengt, Shurtz Benjamin K, Markusic Craig
University of Virginia, Center for Applied Biomechanics.
Autoliv.
Stapp Car Crash J. 2019 Nov;63:83-126. doi: 10.4271/2019-22-0004.
Far-side kinematics and injury are influenced by the occupant environment. The goal of the present study was to evaluate in-vehicle human far-side kinematics, kinetics and injury and to assess the ability of the WorldSID to represent them. A series of tests with five Post-Mortem Human Subjects and the WorldSID were conducted in a vehicle-based sled test environment. The surrogates were subjected to a far-side pulse of 16.5 g in a 75-degree impact direction. The PMHS were instrumented with 6 degree-of-freedom sensors to the head, spine and pelvis, a chestband, strain gauge rosettes, a 3D tracking array mounted to the head and multiple single 3D tracking markers on the rest of the body. The WorldSID lateral head excursion was consistent with the PMHS. However, forward head excursion did not follow a PMHS-like trajectory after the point of maximum lateral excursion. All but one PMHS retained the shoulder belt on the shoulder during the entire test. However, the WorldSID consistently slipped out of the shoulder belt. The PMHS sustained an average of five rib fractures for which the seatbelt was observed to be the largest contributor. The WorldSID showed a maximum rib deflection of 25 mm. The first rib fracture occurred no later than 50 ms into the event. Anatomical differences between the WorldSID and the PMHS rib cage prevented the WorldSID from capturing the injury mechanisms related to interactions of the occupant with the seatbelt and the seat.
远侧运动学和损伤受驾乘人员环境的影响。本研究的目的是评估车内人体远侧运动学、动力学和损伤情况，并评估世界SID模型对其的表征能力。在基于车辆的雪橇试验环境中，对五具尸体人类受试者和世界SID模型进行了一系列试验。替代物在75度撞击方向上承受了16.5g的远侧脉冲。对尸体人类受试者的头部、脊柱和骨盆安装了6自由度传感器，佩戴了胸带、应变片花环，在头部安装了3D跟踪阵列，并在身体其他部位安装了多个单个3D跟踪标记。世界SID模型的头部横向偏移与尸体人类受试者一致。然而，在最大横向偏移点之后，头部向前偏移并未遵循类似尸体人类受试者的轨迹。除一名尸体人类受试者外，其他所有受试者在整个试验过程中肩部安全带均保持在肩部。然而，世界SID模型始终从肩部安全带中滑落。尸体人类受试者平均有五根肋骨骨折，观察到安全带是最大的致伤因素。世界SID模型显示肋骨最大偏移为25毫米。首次肋骨骨折发生在事件开始后不迟于50毫秒。世界SID模型和尸体人类受试者胸廓之间的解剖学差异使得世界SID模型无法捕捉与驾乘人员与安全带和座椅相互作用相关的损伤机制。
