Meldrum Suzanne J, Heaton Alexandra E, Foster Jonathan K, Prescott Susan L, Simmer Karen
School of Paediatrics and Child Health, Faculty of Health and Medical Science, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, WA6009, Australia.
School of Medical and Health Sciences, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup, Perth, WA6027, Australia.
Br J Nutr. 2020 Oct 14;124(7):701-708. doi: 10.1017/S000711452000135X. Epub 2020 Apr 21.
Fish-oil supplements are marketed as enhancing intelligence and cognitive performance. However, empirical data concerning the utility of these products in healthy term infants are mixed, particularly with respect to lasting effects into childhood. We evaluated whether fish-oil supplementation during infancy leads to better neurocognitive/behavioural development at 6 years. We conducted a double-blind randomised controlled trial of supplementation with n-3 long-chain PUFA in 420 healthy term infants. Infants received either fish oil (containing at least 250 mg DHA and at least 60 mg EPA) or placebo (olive oil) daily from birth to 6 months of age. Neurodevelopmental follow-up was conducted at a mean age of 6 years (sd 7 months), whereby 335 children were assessed for language, executive functioning, global intelligence quotient and behaviour. No significant differences were observed between the groups for the main neurocognitive outcomes. However in parent-report questionnaire, fish-oil supplementation was associated with negative externalising (P = 0·035, d = 0·24) and oppositional/defiant behaviour (P = 0·006, d = 0·31), particularly in boys (P = 0·01, d = 0·45; P = 0·004, d = 0·40). Our results provide evidence that fish-oil supplementation to predominantly breast-fed infants confers no significant cognitive or behavioural benefit to children at 6 years.
鱼油补充剂在市场上被宣传为可提高智力和认知能力。然而，关于这些产品对健康足月儿效用的实证数据并不一致，尤其是在对儿童期的长期影响方面。我们评估了婴儿期补充鱼油是否能在6岁时带来更好的神经认知/行为发育。我们对420名健康足月儿进行了一项关于补充n-3长链多不饱和脂肪酸的双盲随机对照试验。婴儿从出生至6个月大时，每天接受鱼油（至少含250毫克DHA和至少60毫克EPA）或安慰剂（橄榄油）。在平均年龄6岁（标准差7个月）时进行神经发育随访，对335名儿童的语言、执行功能、整体智商和行为进行了评估。两组在主要神经认知结果方面未观察到显著差异。然而，在家长报告问卷中，补充鱼油与外化问题（P = 0·035，d = 0·24）和对立违抗行为（P = 0·006，d = 0·31）有关，尤其是在男孩中（P = 0·01，d = 0·45；P = 0·004，d = 0·40）。我们的结果表明，对主要进行母乳喂养的婴儿补充鱼油，在儿童6岁时对其认知或行为并无显著益处。
