Heppe Eline C M, Kef Sabina, de Moor Marleen H M, Schuengel Carlo
Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Section of Clinical Child and Family Studies, Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.
Res Dev Disabil. 2020 Jun;101:103634. doi: 10.1016/j.ridd.2020.103634. Epub 2020 Apr 18.
Young people with disabilities are more at risk of experiencing loneliness in later life than their typically developing peers.
To identify those who become lonely in later life, trajectories of perceived parent and peer support from adolescence to adulthood of young people with a visual impairment were studied.
A total of 316 adolescents (M = 18 years; SD = 6.5) enrolled in a cohort study in 1996; 205 of them participated in 2005, 178 in 2010, and 161 in 2016. Latent growth curve models were fitted to the data.
Perceived parent support followed a linear decreasing course. No association was found between perceived parent support and loneliness in later life. For perceived peer support a quadratic growth pattern was found, with an increase in peer support up to age 27, and thereafter a decrease. Both the initial level and the rate of change in perceived peer support significantly predicted loneliness in adulthood.
The course of peer support is a better indicator for the risk of loneliness in later life than support from parents. Normative life transitions may affect the already vulnerable social support for young people with a visual impairment. This study highlights the importance of establishing and maintaining peer relationships throughout life.
与发育正常的同龄人相比，残疾青年在晚年更易感到孤独。
为了确定那些在晚年变得孤独的人，研究了视力障碍青年从青春期到成年期所感受到的父母和同伴支持的轨迹。
1996年共有316名青少年（平均年龄18岁；标准差6.5）参与了一项队列研究；其中205人在2005年参与，178人在2010年参与，161人在2016年参与。对数据拟合潜在增长曲线模型。
感受到的父母支持呈线性下降趋势。未发现感受到的父母支持与晚年孤独感之间存在关联。对于感受到的同伴支持，发现了一种二次增长模式，即同伴支持在27岁之前增加，之后下降。感受到的同伴支持的初始水平和变化率均显著预测成年后的孤独感。
与来自父母的支持相比，同伴支持的过程是晚年孤独风险的更好指标。正常的生活转变可能会影响视力障碍青年本就脆弱的社会支持。本研究强调了终生建立和维持同伴关系的重要性。
