Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Medical School, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA.
Division of Epidemiology and Community Health, School of Public Health, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA.
Am J Clin Nutr. 2020 Jun 1;111(6):1252-1258. doi: 10.1093/ajcn/nqaa048.
Very-long-chain SFAs (VLSFAs) have recently gained considerable attention as having beneficial effects on health and aging.
The objective of this study was to assess the associations of plasma phospholipid VLSFAs [arachidic acid (20:0), behenic acid (22:0), tricosanoic acid (23:0), and lignoceric acid (24:0)] with 20-y cognitive decline in the Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities (ARIC) participants. Furthermore, this study compared the associations of plasma phospholipid VLSFAs with 5 common groups of fatty acids [i.e., total SFAs, total MUFAs, total ω-3 (n-3) PUFAs, total marine-derived ω-3 PUFAs, total ω-6 PUFAs].
This study used a cohort study design of 3229 ARIC participants enrolled at the Minnesota field center. Fatty acids were measured at visit 1 (1987-1989); and cognition was assessed at visits 2 (1990-1992), 4 (1996-1998), and 5 (2011-2013) using 3 tests: the Delayed Word Recall Test (DWRT), the Digit-Symbol Substitution Test (DSST), and the Word Fluency Test (WFT).
Higher proportions of plasma phospholipid total VLSFAs and each individual VLSFA were associated with less decline in WFT, a test of verbal fluency. For example, 1 SD higher in total VLSFAs at baseline was associated with 0.057 SD (95% CI: 0.018, 0.096, P = 0.004) less cognitive decline over 20 y as measured by WFT score. None of the 5 common fatty acid groups were associated with change in WFT, but a higher proportion of plasma phospholipid total MUFAs was associated with greater decline in DWRT; higher total ω-6 PUFAs with less decline in DWRT; and higher total ω-3 and total marine-derived ω-3 PUFAs with less decline in DSST.
This study suggests that higher proportions of plasma phospholipid VLSFAs in midlife may be associated with less 20-y cognitive decline.
长链饱和脂肪酸（VLSFAs）最近因其对健康和衰老的有益影响而备受关注。
本研究旨在评估血浆磷脂酰 VLSFAs（花生酸[20：0]、山嵛酸[22：0]、二十三烷酸[23：0]和二十四烷酸[24：0]）与动脉粥样硬化风险社区（ARIC）参与者 20 年认知能力下降的相关性。此外，本研究比较了血浆磷脂酰 VLSFAs 与 5 种常见脂肪酸组[即总 SFAs、总 MUFA、总 ω-3（n-3）PUFAs、总海洋衍生 ω-3 PUFAs、总 ω-6 PUFAs]的相关性。
本研究采用明尼苏达州现场中心招募的 3229 名 ARIC 参与者的队列研究设计。脂肪酸在第 1 次访视（1987-1989 年）时进行测量；认知能力在第 2 次访视（1990-1992 年）、第 4 次访视（1996-1998 年）和第 5 次访视（2011-2013 年）时使用 3 种测试进行评估：延迟单词回忆测试（DWRT）、数字符号替换测试（DSST）和单词流畅性测试（WFT）。
较高比例的血浆磷脂酰总 VLSFAs 和每个单独的 VLSFA 与 WFT 下降较少有关，WFT 是一种语言流畅性测试。例如，基线时总 VLSFAs 增加 1 个标准差，与 WFT 评分测量的 20 年认知能力下降 0.057 个标准差（95%CI：0.018，0.096，P=0.004）相关。5 种常见脂肪酸组中没有任何一组与 WFT 变化相关，但血浆磷脂酰总 MUFA 比例较高与 DWRT 下降较多相关；总 ω-6 PUFAs 较高与 DWRT 下降较少相关；总 ω-3 和总海洋衍生 ω-3 PUFAs 较高与 DSST 下降较少相关。
本研究表明，中年时较高比例的血浆磷脂酰 VLSFAs 可能与 20 年认知能力下降较少有关。
