State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing, 100012, China; Estuarine and Coastal Environment Research Center, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing, 100012, PR China.
State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing, 100012, China.
Chemosphere. 2020 Sep;254:126790. doi: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2020.126790. Epub 2020 Apr 13.
Microplastics are plastic particles which are widely distributed in the environment. The pollution of microplastics in environment have attracted increasing attention in recent years. This paper reviews research progress in sources, analytical methods, eco-environmental effects and control in environment, and suggests relevant countermeasures in governance and research. Microplastics mainly originate from two sources: firstly, a significant direct input of primary microplastics; second, secondary microplastics generate from the fragmentations of larger plastic materials. The analysis and identification of microplastics are critical to other researches, and related instrument methods have also been applied to the analysis and identification of microplastics. The advantages and disadvantages of microplastics analytical methods were reviewed. The eco-environmental effects of microplastics can be divided into four aspects: adsorption, biological uptake, ecotoxicological and combined pollution. Control measures need to strengthen the systematic research of microplastics pollution control and management technology system from the aspects of organizational cooperation, technological research and development, laws and regulations. In the future, a unified quantitative analysis method for microplastics should be established, and more accurate traceability analysis techniques should be developed to further explore its environmental behavior and fate. To strengthen scientific research on microplastic pollution in terrestrial, freshwater and atmospheric environments, and develop more scientific and rational control policies. This paper aims to provide a theoretical basis for the prevention and control of microplastics pollution, and also provides insights for the next step of research.
微塑料是广泛分布于环境中的塑料颗粒。近年来，环境中微塑料的污染引起了越来越多的关注。本文综述了环境中微塑料的来源、分析方法、生态环境效应及控制等方面的研究进展，并提出了相关的治理和研究对策。微塑料主要来源于两个方面：一是大量直接输入的初级微塑料；二是较大塑料材料破碎产生的次级微塑料。微塑料的分析和鉴定对其他研究至关重要，相关仪器方法也已应用于微塑料的分析和鉴定。本文综述了微塑料分析方法的优缺点。微塑料的生态环境效应可分为四个方面：吸附、生物摄取、生态毒理学和联合污染。控制措施需要从组织合作、技术研发、法律法规等方面加强微塑料污染控制和管理技术体系的系统研究。未来需要建立统一的微塑料定量分析方法，开发更准确的溯源分析技术，以进一步探索其环境行为和归宿。加强陆地、淡水和大气环境中微塑料污染的科学研究，制定更加科学合理的控制政策。本文旨在为微塑料污染的防治提供理论依据，为下一步研究提供思路。
