医学生助理识别和诊断自闭症谱系障碍的能力。
Physician Assistant Students' Competency to Identify and Diagnose Autism Spectrum Disorder.
机构信息
Denise Rizzolo, PhD, PA-C, is an Assessment Specialist for PAEA and assistant clinical professor at the Pace University Physician Assistant Program, New York, New York.
Noël E. Smith, MA, is senior director of PA and industry research and analysis for the American Academy of PAs, Alexandria, Virginia.
出版信息
J Physician Assist Educ. 2020 Jun;31(2):71-76. doi: 10.1097/JPA.0000000000000305.
PURPOSE
Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a neurodevelopmental condition characterized by deficits in communication and reciprocal social interactions. Little research has focused on the evaluation of developmental/behavioral pediatric education in the physician assistant (PA) curriculum. Therefore, the aims of this study were to evaluate whether PA students received training in identifying the red flags of ASD, using screening tests such as the Modified Checklist for Autism in Toddlers, Revised with Follow-Up (M-CHAT-R/F). Additionally, the study sought to determine if PA students received education on the evaluation and management of children with ASD along with the methods to communicate effectively with their caretakers.
METHODS
A survey open to PA students was administered by the American Academy of PAs. Demographic information along with questions on knowledge and perceptions related to ASD were asked. Perceptions of preparation to discuss ASD with patient caregivers were assessed, along with vaccination beliefs, and training information was collected.
RESULTS
A total of 213 PA students answered the survey. Students received training regarding the red flags for ASD as well as ASD-related skills. Of note, 58.2% did not receive training on administration of the M-CHAT-(R/F) and 54.9% did not receive training to provide care to patients with ASD; 77.8% received training to understand pediatric developmental milestones. PA students overwhelmingly rejected the suggestion that there is a link between vaccines and ASD.
CONCLUSION
The importance of diagnosing ASD as early as possible has been demonstrated by years of research; yet, this study concludes that many students still do not feel comfortable recognizing the red flags or using screening tools. Although the majority of PA students received training to understand developmental milestones, many did not know how to administer the M-CHAT-(R/F), which is key to making an early diagnosis.
目的
自闭症谱系障碍（ASD）是一种神经发育障碍，其特征是在沟通和互惠社会互动方面存在缺陷。很少有研究关注在医师助理（PA）课程中评估发育/行为儿科学教育。因此，本研究的目的是评估 PA 学生是否接受过识别自闭症早期信号的培训，例如使用改良自闭症检查表（M-CHAT）修订版及随访（M-CHAT-R/F）进行筛查。此外，该研究还旨在确定 PA 学生是否接受过评估和管理自闭症儿童的教育，以及与他们的照顾者进行有效沟通的方法。
方法
美国医师助理学会向 PA 学生开放了一项调查。调查内容包括人口统计学信息以及与 ASD 相关的知识和认知问题。调查了与患者照顾者讨论 ASD 的准备情况，包括疫苗接种信念，并收集了培训信息。
结果
共有 213 名 PA 学生回答了这项调查。学生接受了关于自闭症早期信号和 ASD 相关技能的培训。值得注意的是，58.2%的学生没有接受过 M-CHAT-R/F 管理培训，54.9%的学生没有接受过为 ASD 患者提供护理的培训；77.8%的学生接受过了解儿科发育里程碑的培训。PA 学生强烈反对疫苗与自闭症之间存在联系的说法。
结论
多年的研究表明，尽早诊断自闭症非常重要；然而，这项研究得出的结论是，许多学生仍然感到难以识别早期信号或使用筛查工具。尽管大多数 PA 学生接受了理解发育里程碑的培训，但许多学生不知道如何管理 M-CHAT-R/F，这是早期诊断的关键。
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