Department of Animal and Poultry Sciences, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA.
Pancosma, Geneva, Switzerland.
J Anim Sci. 2020 May 1;98(5). doi: 10.1093/jas/skaa131.
Pigs exposed to elevated ambient temperatures exhibit reduced daily gain, alterations in muscle and fat deposition, and decreased health. Negative aspects of gastrointestinal (GI) function, integrity, and permeability also occur. High-intensity sweeteners can ameliorate the negative effects of heat stress (HS) by increasing GI glucagon-like peptide-2 production while capsicum oleoresin has been shown to reduce inflammatory response. The effects of an artificial high-intensity sweetener and capsicum oleoresin (CAPS-SUC; TakTik X-Hit, Pancosma, Switzerland) on growth performance of pigs were examined. Forty-eight pigs (12 wk of age, 43.2 ± 4.3 kg) were assigned to six treatments: thermoneutral conditions (21 ± 1.1 °C; 40% to 70% relative humidity) fed ad libitum with (TN+) or without supplement (TN-), heat stress (35 ± 1 °C; 20% to 40% relative humidity) fed ad libitum with (HS+) or without supplement (HS-), and thermoneutral conditions pair-fed to HS intake with (PFTN+) or without supplement (PFTN-). Supplementation (0.1 g/kg feed) began 2 d prior to the 3-d environmental treatment period. Body weights (BWs) and blood samples were collected on days -1 and 3. Rectal temperature (RT) and respiration rate (RR) were measured thrice daily and the feed intake (FI) was recorded daily. Intestinal sections were collected for histology. Pigs in HS conditions exhibited increased RT (1.2 °C) and RR (2.7-fold) compared with TN and PFTN groups (P < 0.01). HS+ animals had increased RR when compared with HS- animals (P < 0.02). Heat stress decreased FI compared with TN. HS and PFTN decreased (P < 0.05) average daily gain compared with TN. Supplement did not alter the BW gain. HS and PFTN decreased (P < 0.05) Gain:Feed compared with TN during environmental treatment. Supplementation with CAPS-SUC increased Gain:Feed by 0.12 (P < 0.05). Circulating glucose concentrations tended to decrease in CAPS-SUC vs. non-supplemented HS and PFTN animals (P ≤ 0.1). Circulating insulin concentrations as well as monocyte count increased in HS compared with PFTN (P < 0.04) but did not differ from TN and likely linked to altered FI. CAPS-SUC increased basophil count (P < 0.02), irrespective of environment. Ileal villus height tended to decrease during HS and PFTN compared with TN (P < 0.08), indicating an effect of intake. Overall, CAPS-SUC supplementation increased pig feed efficiency and may improve immune response.
暴露于高温环境中的猪表现出日增重减少、肌肉和脂肪沉积改变以及健康状况下降。胃肠道 (GI) 功能、完整性和通透性的负面也会发生。高强度甜味剂可以通过增加 GI 胰高血糖素样肽-2 的产生来改善热应激 (HS) 的负面影响，而辣椒素树脂已被证明可以减少炎症反应。研究了一种人工高强度甜味剂和辣椒素树脂 (CAPS-SUC；TakTik X-Hit，Pancosma，瑞士) 对猪生长性能的影响。将 48 头猪 (12 周龄，43.2 ± 4.3 kg) 分配到 6 种处理中：在 21 ± 1.1°C (40% 至 70% 相对湿度) 的热中性条件下自由采食，添加 (TN+) 或不添加补充剂 (TN-)，在 35 ± 1°C (20% 至 40% 相对湿度) 的热应激条件下自由采食，添加 (HS+) 或不添加补充剂 (HS-)，在热中性条件下与 HS 摄入量相匹配的情况下进行限饲，添加 (PFTN+) 或不添加补充剂 (PFTN-)。补充剂 (0.1 g/kg 饲料) 在环境处理期前 2 天开始添加。在第-1 天和第 3 天收集体重 (BW) 和血液样本。每天测量三次直肠温度 (RT) 和呼吸率 (RR)，并记录每日采食量 (FI)。收集肠道切片进行组织学检查。与 TN 和 PFTN 组相比，HS 条件下的猪表现出更高的 RT (1.2°C) 和 RR (2.7 倍) (P < 0.01)。与 HS- 动物相比，HS+ 动物的 RR 增加 (P < 0.02)。HS 降低了 FI，与 TN 相比。HS 和 PFTN 降低了 (P < 0.05) 平均日增重，与 TN 相比。补充剂并没有改变 BW 增重。HS 和 PFTN 降低了 (P < 0.05) 环境处理期间的 Gain:Feed，与 TN 相比。与未添加 CAPS-SUC 的 HS 和 PFTN 动物相比，添加 CAPS-SUC 增加了 0.12 (P < 0.05) 的 Gain:Feed。与 TN 和 PFTN 相比，CAPS-SUC 组的循环葡萄糖浓度趋于降低 (P ≤ 0.1)。与 PFTN 相比，HS 中的循环胰岛素浓度和单核细胞计数增加 (P < 0.04)，但与 TN 相似，可能与 FI 改变有关。CAPS-SUC 增加了嗜碱性粒细胞计数 (P < 0.02)，与环境无关。与 TN 相比，HS 和 PFTN 期间回肠绒毛高度趋于降低 (P < 0.08)，表明摄入的影响。总体而言，CAPS-SUC 补充剂提高了猪的饲料效率，并可能改善免疫反应。
