DICAM, University of Trento, Italy.
Department of Engineering, University of Palermo, Italy.
Sci Total Environ. 2020 Jul 20;727:138521. doi: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.138521. Epub 2020 Apr 17.
This research aims at assessing the environmental impacts exerted by a smart motorway compared to those of a traditional motorway. The study has global policy implications: it takes into account the impacts due to the construction and maintenance of the infrastructure and the environmental effects produced by the traffic emissions, taking into account smart technologies and truck platooning regulation. Through a classical LCA approach, 1 km-long smart motorway with 2 m-high embankment was assumed as the functional unit for the analysis. A realistic traffic condition has been considered. A comparison between environmental effects produced by the use of virgin material and by Reclaimed Asphalt Pavement was made by assuming two maintenance plans. Thanks to C-ITS systems the greater safety featured by smart motorways has a significant effect on the environmental impact, compared to conventional motorways. The impact produced by safety barriers during the life cycle was also estimated. For smart motorways the impact categories GWP, POCP, AP and EP are observed to be considerably reduced in the maintenance phase of zinc-coated steel safety barriers and in those associated to traffic emissions. It must be noted that in smart motorways vehicle emissions are markedly influenced by the percentage of heavy vehicles travelling in Truck Platooning mode. The results show that concomitant use of lime stabilization and RAP leads to a significant reduction in energy consumption (up to 35%) and pollutant emissions (up to 34% of CO) than in case of exclusive use of virgin material. The accidents reduction produce a 30% decrease of GWP, POCP, AP and EP related to safety barriers maintenance phase than the corresponding values of traditional motorway. Truck platooning mode generates GWP reduction close to 4%. The environmental advantages of a smart motorway increase progressively with the increase of AADT, platooning truck percentage and heavy vehicles percentage.
本研究旨在评估智能高速公路相对于传统高速公路所产生的环境影响。该研究具有全球政策意义：它考虑了基础设施建设和维护的影响，以及考虑了智能技术和卡车队列调节的交通排放所产生的环境影响。通过经典的生命周期评估方法，假设 1 公里长、2 米高路堤的智能高速公路作为分析的功能单元。考虑了实际的交通状况。通过假设两种维护计划，比较了使用原生材料和再生沥青路面产生的环境影响。由于 C-ITS 系统，智能高速公路的更高安全性对环境影响具有显著影响，与传统高速公路相比。还估计了生命周期中安全护栏产生的影响。对于智能高速公路，在镀锌钢安全护栏的维护阶段以及与交通排放相关的阶段，GWP、POCP、AP 和 EP 的影响类别观察到明显减少。必须注意的是，在智能高速公路上，车辆排放受到以卡车队列模式行驶的重型车辆的百分比的显著影响。结果表明，石灰稳定和 RAP 的共同使用导致能源消耗（高达 35%）和污染物排放（高达 34%的 CO）显著减少，而与单独使用原生材料的情况相比。事故减少导致与传统高速公路相比，安全护栏维护阶段的 GWP、POCP、AP 和 EP 相关的减少了 30%。卡车队列模式产生的 GWP 减少接近 4%。智能高速公路的环境优势随着 AADT、队列卡车百分比和重型车辆百分比的增加而逐步增加。
