Gulotta T M, Mistretta M, Praticò F G
University of Palermo, Department of Engineering, Viale delle Scienze Ed. 9, 90128 Palermo, Italy.
University Mediterranea of Reggio Calabria, Department of Heritage, Architecture, Urbanism (PAU), Salita Melissari, 89124 Reggio Calabria, Italy.
Sci Total Environ. 2019 Jul 10;673:585-593. doi: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.04.046. Epub 2019 Apr 5.
In the past, lowest price was the award criterion, given that structural capacity and safety were assured. In the last years, environmental, energy, and long-term impacts have been introduced (climate change, resource depletion, energy consumption, generated solid waste, discharged water, and emissions). Unfortunately, the introduction of new pavement technologies and materials (i.e., waste plastics) affects maintenance and rehabilitation processes and call for accurate and timeliness studies and criteria. Consequently, this paper presents an energy and environmental assessment of an Italian urban road and considers different material-related scenarios that fully comply with emerging technologies. A life-cycle approach is applied to assess energy and environmental impacts of a typical Italian urban road, according to the ISO 14040 series. In more detail, the authors assess the energy and environmental profile of different scenarios of bituminous mixtures. The aim of scenario analysis is to identify the less impacting scenario from an energy and environmental point of view. For each analyzed scenario, the contribution of each life-cycle step to the total impacts and the energy and environmental hotspots are identified in order to define suitable options for improvement. The results of the analysis show that step of material production, including raw material extraction and resource supply, is relevant to almost all the assessed impact categories (average contribution higher than 50%). This is mainly due to the production of bitumen, which is a petroleum-based product. Moreover, the scenario analysis highlights that the pavement scenarios that are characterized by the use of recycled materials involve lower energy and environmental impacts, due to the saving of virgin raw materials and avoided impacts for disposal.
过去，鉴于结构能力和安全性有保障，最低价是授标标准。在过去几年中，引入了环境、能源和长期影响因素（气候变化、资源枯竭、能源消耗、产生的固体废物、排放的水和排放物）。不幸的是，新路面技术和材料（如废塑料）的引入影响了养护和修复过程，需要进行准确且及时的研究和制定标准。因此，本文对一条意大利城市道路进行了能源和环境评估，并考虑了完全符合新兴技术的不同材料相关情景。根据ISO 14040系列标准，采用生命周期方法评估一条典型意大利城市道路的能源和环境影响。更详细地说，作者评估了不同沥青混合料情景的能源和环境概况。情景分析的目的是从能源和环境角度确定影响最小的情景。对于每个分析的情景，确定每个生命周期步骤对总影响的贡献以及能源和环境热点，以便确定合适的改进方案。分析结果表明，材料生产步骤，包括原材料提取和资源供应，几乎与所有评估的影响类别相关（平均贡献高于50%）。这主要是由于沥青的生产，沥青是一种石油基产品。此外，情景分析突出显示，使用再生材料的路面情景涉及较低的能源和环境影响，这是因为节省了原生原材料并避免了处置影响。
