Maxwell Patrick H
Biology Department, Siena College, Loudonville, NY USA.
Mob DNA. 2020 Apr 21;11:16. doi: 10.1186/s13100-020-00215-x. eCollection 2020.
Genomics and other large-scale analyses have drawn increasing attention to the potential impacts of transposable elements (TEs) on their host genomes. However, it remains challenging to transition from identifying potential roles to clearly demonstrating the level of impact TEs have on genome evolution and possible functions that they contribute to their host organisms. I summarize TE content and distribution in four well-characterized yeast model systems in this review: the pathogens and , and the nonpathogenic species and . I compare and contrast their TE landscapes to their lifecycles, genomic features, as well as the presence and nature of RNA interference pathways in each species to highlight the valuable diversity represented by these models for functional studies of TEs. I then review the regulation and impacts of the Ty1 and Ty3 retrotransposons from and Tf1 and Tf2 retrotransposons from to emphasize parallels and distinctions between these well-studied elements. I propose that further characterization of TEs in the pathogenic yeasts would enable this set of four yeast species to become an excellent set of models for comparative functional studies to address outstanding questions about TE-host relationships.
基因组学和其他大规模分析越来越关注转座元件（TEs）对其宿主基因组的潜在影响。然而，从识别潜在作用转变为清晰证明TEs对基因组进化的影响程度以及它们对宿主生物体可能贡献的功能，仍然具有挑战性。在这篇综述中，我总结了四种特征明确的酵母模型系统中的TE含量和分布：病原体酿酒酵母和白色念珠菌，以及非致病物种粟酒裂殖酵母和毕赤酵母。我将它们的TE图谱与其生命周期、基因组特征以及每个物种中RNA干扰途径的存在和性质进行比较和对比，以突出这些模型在TEs功能研究中所代表的宝贵多样性。然后，我回顾了酿酒酵母中的Ty1和Ty3逆转录转座子以及粟酒裂殖酵母中的Tf1和Tf2逆转录转座子的调控和影响，以强调这些深入研究的元件之间的异同。我提出，对致病酵母中TEs的进一步表征将使这一组四种酵母物种成为进行比较功能研究的优秀模型集，以解决有关TE-宿主关系的突出问题。
