Godos Justyna, Currenti Walter, Angelino Donato, Mena Pedro, Castellano Sabrina, Caraci Filippo, Galvano Fabio, Del Rio Daniele, Ferri Raffaele, Grosso Giuseppe
Oasi Research Institute-IRCCS, 94018 Troina, Italy.
Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Catania, 95123 Catania, Italy.
Antioxidants (Basel). 2020 Apr 23;9(4):346. doi: 10.3390/antiox9040346.
Over the last decades, there has been a substantial increase in the prevalence of mental health disorders, including an increased prevalence of depression, anxiety, cognitive, and sleep disorders. Diet and its bioactive components have been recognized among the modifiable risk factors, possibly influencing their pathogenesis. This review aimed to summarize molecular mechanisms underlying the putative beneficial effects toward brain health of different dietary factors, such as micro- and macronutrient intake and habits, such as feeding time and circadian rhythm. The role of hormonal homeostasis in the context of glucose metabolism and adiponectin regulation and its impact on systemic and neuro-inflammation has also been considered and deepened. In addition, the effect of individual bioactive molecules exerting antioxidant activities and acting as anti-inflammatory agents, such as omega-3 fatty acids and polyphenols, considered beneficial for the central nervous system via modulation of adult neurogenesis, synaptic and neuronal plasticity, and microglia activation has been summarized. An overview of the regulation of the gut-brain axis and its effect on the modulation of systemic inflammation and oxidative stress has been provided. Finally, the impact of bioactive molecules on inflammation and oxidative stress and its association with brain health has been summarized.
在过去几十年中，心理健康障碍的患病率大幅上升，包括抑郁症、焦虑症、认知障碍和睡眠障碍的患病率增加。饮食及其生物活性成分已被确认为可改变的风险因素之一，可能影响其发病机制。本综述旨在总结不同饮食因素对大脑健康假定有益作用的分子机制，如微量和常量营养素的摄入以及进食时间和昼夜节律等饮食习惯。还考虑并深入探讨了激素稳态在葡萄糖代谢和脂联素调节中的作用及其对全身和神经炎症的影响。此外，还总结了具有抗氧化活性并作为抗炎剂的单个生物活性分子的作用，如ω-3脂肪酸和多酚，它们通过调节成年神经发生、突触和神经元可塑性以及小胶质细胞活化，被认为对中枢神经系统有益。本文还概述了肠-脑轴的调节及其对全身炎症和氧化应激调节的影响。最后，总结了生物活性分子对炎症和氧化应激的影响及其与大脑健康的关联。
