Center for Brain Immunology and Glia (BIG) and Department of Neuroscience, School of Medicine, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia 22908, USA; email:
Annu Rev Immunol. 2020 Apr 26;38:597-620. doi: 10.1146/annurev-immunol-102319-103410.
Neuroimmunology, albeit a relatively established discipline, has recently sparked numerous exciting findings on microglia, the resident macrophages of the central nervous system (CNS). This review addresses meningeal immunity, a less-studied aspect of neuroimmune interactions. The meninges, a triple layer of membranes-the pia mater, arachnoid mater, and dura mater-surround the CNS, encompassing the cerebrospinal fluid produced by the choroid plexus epithelium. Unlike the adjacent brain parenchyma, the meninges contain a wide repertoire of immune cells. These constitute meningeal immunity, which is primarily concerned with immune surveillance of the CNS, and-according to recent evidence-also participates in postinjury CNS recovery, chronic neurodegenerative conditions, and even higher brain function. Meningeal immunity has recently come under the spotlight owing to the characterization of meningeal lymphatic vessels draining the CNS. Here, we review the current state of our understanding of meningeal immunity and its effects on healthy and diseased brains.
神经免疫学虽然是一个相对成熟的学科，但最近在中枢神经系统（CNS）的常驻巨噬细胞小胶质细胞方面引发了许多令人兴奋的发现。本综述探讨了脑膜免疫，这是神经免疫相互作用中研究较少的一个方面。脑膜是 CNS 周围的三层膜-软脑膜、蛛网膜和硬脑膜，包含脉络丛上皮产生的脑脊液。与相邻的脑组织不同，脑膜中含有广泛的免疫细胞。这些构成了脑膜免疫，主要涉及 CNS 的免疫监视，并且-根据最近的证据-也参与了 CNS 损伤后的恢复、慢性神经退行性疾病，甚至更高的大脑功能。由于中枢神经系统引流脑膜淋巴管的特征，脑膜免疫最近成为研究焦点。在这里，我们综述了我们对脑膜免疫及其对健康和患病大脑影响的理解现状。
