Zapponi G, Camoni I, Dommarco R, Gabriele M
Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Viale Regina Elena, Rome, Italy.
Ecotoxicol Environ Saf. 1988 Oct;16(2):143-7. doi: 10.1016/0147-6513(88)90028-0.
The data examined here concern ethoxyquin levels, mainly measured in apple samples from the retail market. In this study about three hundred measurements, carried out on apples in Northern-Central Italy and recently published, are examined, with the purpose of defining the main characteristics of value statistical distribution and variability and to optimize sampling criteria. The analysis did not indicate the presence of significantly high levels or consequently significantly high risks; nevertheless, it pointed out some important aspects in data collection and evaluation. First, it appeared that the statistical distribution of data is typically nonsymmetrical, non-Gaussian, and characterized by a tail extending toward the high values. The logarithmic transformation of data appeared useful in order to obtain a Gaussian distribution. As a rule, the data variability appeared to be high. The frequency and distribution of values above the analytical threshold resulted in significant change, both in time and in space. The percentage of positive values (above the analytical threshold) appeared to vary up to a factor of 2-3, as analogously did their geometric mean.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
此处所研究的数据涉及乙氧喹水平，主要是在零售市场的苹果样本中测得的。在这项研究中，对意大利中北部苹果进行的约三百次测量（近期已发表）进行了审查，目的是确定数值统计分布和变异性的主要特征，并优化抽样标准。分析并未表明存在显著高水平或相应的高风险；然而，它指出了数据收集和评估中的一些重要方面。首先，数据的统计分布通常是非对称的、非高斯的，并且具有向高值延伸的尾部特征。数据的对数变换似乎有助于获得高斯分布。通常，数据变异性似乎较高。高于分析阈值的值的频率和分布在时间和空间上都发生了显著变化。正值（高于分析阈值）的百分比似乎变化高达2至3倍，其几何平均值也是如此。（摘要截短为250字）
