Department of Stem Cell Regulation, Medical Research Institute, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU), Tokyo, Japan.
Department of Neurosurgery, Faculty of Life Sciences, Kumamoto University Graduate School, Kumamoto, Japan.
Stem Cells. 2020 Aug;38(8):921-935. doi: 10.1002/stem.3193. Epub 2020 May 11.
Spontaneous necrosis is a defining feature of glioblastomas (GBMs), the most malignant glioma. Despite its strong correlations with poor prognosis, it remains unclear whether necrosis could be a possible cause or mere consequence of glioma progression. Here we isolated a particular fraction of necrotic products spontaneously arising from glioma cells, morphologically and biochemically defined as autoschizis-like products (ALPs). When administered to granulocyte macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF)-primed bone marrow-derived macrophage/dendritic cells (Mφ/DCs), ALPs were found to be specifically engulfed by Mφs expressing a tumor-associated macrophage (TAM) marker CD204. ALPs from glioma stem cells (GSCs) had higher activity for the TAM development than those from non-GSCs. Of note, expression of the Il12b gene encoding a common subunit of IL-12/23 was upregulated in ALPs-educated Mφs. Furthermore, IL-12 protein evidently enhanced the sphere-forming activity of GBM patient-derived cells, although interestingly IL-12 is generally recognized as an antitumoral M1-Mφ marker. Finally, in silico analysis of The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) transcriptome data of primary and recurrent GBMs revealed that higher expression of these IL-12 family genes was well correlated with more infiltration of M1-type TAMs and closely associated with poorer prognosis in recurrent GBMs. Our results highlight a role of necrosis in GSC-driven self-beneficial niche construction and glioma progression, providing important clues for developing new therapeutic strategies against gliomas.
自发性坏死是胶质母细胞瘤(GBM)的一个特征,是最恶性的神经胶质瘤。尽管它与预后不良密切相关,但仍不清楚坏死是胶质瘤进展的可能原因还是结果。在这里,我们从胶质瘤细胞中分离出一种自发产生的坏死产物的特定部分,在形态学和生物化学上被定义为自溶样产物(ALPs)。当给予粒细胞巨噬细胞集落刺激因子(GM-CSF)预刺激的骨髓来源的巨噬细胞/树突状细胞(Mφ/DCs)时,发现 ALPs 被表达肿瘤相关巨噬细胞(TAM)标志物 CD204 的 Mφ 特异性吞噬。来自胶质瘤干细胞(GSCs)的 ALPs 比非 GSCs 具有更高的 TAM 发育活性。值得注意的是,编码 IL-12/23 共同亚基的 Il12b 基因在经过 ALPs 诱导的 Mφ 中表达上调。此外,IL-12 蛋白明显增强了 GBM 患者来源细胞的球体形成活性,尽管有趣的是,IL-12 通常被认为是抗肿瘤的 M1-Mφ 标志物。最后,对 The Cancer Genome Atlas(TCGA)原发性和复发性 GBM 的转录组数据进行的计算分析表明,这些 IL-12 家族基因的高表达与 M1 型 TAMs 的更多浸润密切相关,并与复发性 GBM 的预后不良密切相关。我们的结果强调了坏死在 GSC 驱动的自我有益生态位构建和胶质瘤进展中的作用,为开发针对胶质瘤的新治疗策略提供了重要线索。
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