Baghban Kowsar, Zarifian Talieh, Adibi Atoosa, Shati Mohsen, Derakhshandeh Fatemeh
Department of Speech Therapy, University of Social Welfare and Rehabilitation Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
Radiology Department, Isfahan University of Medical Science, Isfahan, Iran.
Int J Pediatr Otorhinolaryngol. 2020 Jul;134:110051. doi: 10.1016/j.ijporl.2020.110051. Epub 2020 Apr 19.
Ultrasound research on speech production in normal speakers has long used quantitative measurements in different languages. However, no studies in this area have been conducted in the Persian language. This study investigated Persian speaking children scores on two single curve measures of tongue shape, based on midsagittal tongue shape data from ultrasound imaging.
This is a cross-sectional study conducted on four 7-8 years old Persian speaking children. The data for analysis was collected using an ultrasound machine in 2018-2019. The stimuli included a range of consonants including/p/,/t/,/f/,/k/and/s/in consonant-vowel sequences, with the vowels/a/and/i/. The measures do not require head stabilization. Statistical analyses were done using Linear mixed models in lmer software package of R version 3.6.2. The results were performed by Chi-squared and Tukey post hoc tests in R.
In all of the consonants, the mean of two single curve measures in the context of/i/was greater than the context of/a/. However, there was no significant effect of the vowel context on one measure for the/k/. Also, these measures were significantly different in each of the Persian consonants and they showed consistent patterns across all of the participants (P<0.001).
It seems the single curve measures are the valid value of tongue dorsum excursion for Persian speaking children. This study showed that measures of single curves are reliable for distinguish between consonants in vowel contexts and created robust results on lingual coarticulation of the consonants without the use of head stabilization.
长期以来，针对正常说话者语音产生的超声研究一直在不同语言中使用定量测量方法。然而，该领域尚未有针对波斯语的研究。本研究基于超声成像的矢状面舌形数据，调查了讲波斯语儿童在两种舌形单曲线测量上的得分。
这是一项对四名7至8岁讲波斯语儿童进行的横断面研究。分析数据于2018 - 2019年使用超声机器收集。刺激包括一系列辅音，如/p/、/t/、/f/、/k/和/s/，出现在辅音 - 元音序列中，元音为/a/和/i/。这些测量不需要头部固定。使用R版本3.6.2的lmer软件包中的线性混合模型进行统计分析。结果通过R中的卡方检验和Tukey事后检验得出。
在所有辅音中，/i/语境下两种单曲线测量的平均值大于/a/语境下的平均值。然而，元音语境对/k/的一项测量没有显著影响。此外，这些测量在每个波斯辅音中均有显著差异，并且在所有参与者中呈现出一致的模式（P < 0.001）。
对于讲波斯语的儿童来说，单曲线测量似乎是舌背偏移的有效指标。本研究表明，单曲线测量对于区分元音语境中的辅音是可靠的，并且在不使用头部固定的情况下，在辅音的舌协同发音方面产生了可靠的结果。
