Gojun Martin, Bačić Matea, Ljubić Anabela, Šalić Anita, Zelić Bruno
Faculty of Chemical Engineering and Technology, University of Zagreb, Marulićev trg 19, HR-10000 Zagreb, Croatia.
Micromachines (Basel). 2020 Apr 28;11(5):457. doi: 10.3390/mi11050457.
Biodiesel, which was earlier used only as an alternative fuel, is now an indispensable component of commercial diesel. Conventional production processes are unable to cope with the increasing demand for biodiesel, and therefore more and more work is being done to intensify the existing processes. The intensification of the biodiesel production process, taking into account the environmental and economic factors, is based on increasing productivity. One way to achieve that is by reducing the volume of production units. The application of the enzymatic reaction path, while reducing the volume of process equipment to the micro-level, has significantly magnified the productivity of the biodiesel production process, which is primarily due to better mass transfer in microsystems. Additional breakthrough is the use of deep eutectic solvents (DES) instead of buffers for enzyme stabilization. In this study, a lipase from (TlL) (both commercial and produced by solid-state fermentation) was used as a catalyst for biodiesel production. Edible and waste sunflower oil, as well as methanol, were used as substrates. The reaction mediums were buffer and DES. The transesterification reaction was carried out in a batch reactor and the emphasis was made on different microreactor configurations. The highest yield of 32% for residence time of only = 30 min was obtained in the microreactor system with an emulsion of waste oil and a commercial enzyme suspended in a buffer. This indicates that enzymatic transesterification could be a valuable reaction path for dealing with waste oils. Furthermore, biodiesel synthesis in DES showed somewhat lower yields, but by increasing the water content in the system, the reaction could prove much better results. In the end, the effects of reaction conditions on the volumetric productivity of the process were analyzed.
生物柴油，早期仅用作替代燃料，如今已成为商用柴油中不可或缺的成分。传统生产工艺已无法满足对生物柴油日益增长的需求，因此，人们开展了越来越多的工作来强化现有工艺。考虑到环境和经济因素，生物柴油生产工艺的强化基于提高生产率。实现这一目标的一种方法是减小生产单元的体积。酶促反应路径的应用，在将工艺设备体积减小到微观层面的同时，显著提高了生物柴油生产工艺的生产率，这主要归因于微系统中更好的传质。另一个突破是使用深共晶溶剂（DES）替代缓冲液来稳定酶。在本研究中，来自（嗜热栖热菌脂肪酶）（商业来源和固态发酵生产）的脂肪酶被用作生物柴油生产的催化剂。食用向日葵油、废向日葵油以及甲醇被用作底物。反应介质为缓冲液和DES。酯交换反应在间歇式反应器中进行，重点关注不同的微反应器配置。在以废油乳液和悬浮于缓冲液中的商业酶组成的微反应器系统中，仅停留时间 = 30分钟时就获得了32%的最高产率。这表明酶促酯交换可能是处理废油的一条有价值的反应路径。此外，在DES中进行生物柴油合成的产率略低，但通过增加系统中的含水量，反应可能会取得更好的结果。最后，分析了反应条件对该工艺体积生产率的影响。
