Department of Biological Sciences, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, 48202, USA.
Neural Dev. 2020 May 2;15(1):7. doi: 10.1186/s13064-020-00144-8.
Abelson tyrosine kinase (Abl) plays a key role in axon guidance in linking guidance receptors to actin dynamics. The long C-terminal domain (CTD) of Drosophila Abl is important for this role, and previous work identified the 'first quarter' (1Q) of the CTD as essential. Here, we link the physical interactions of 1Q binding partners to Abl's function in axon guidance.
Protein binding partners of 1Q were identified by GST pulldown and mass spectrometry, and validated using axon guidance assays in the embryonic nerve cord and motoneurons. The role of 1Q was assessed genetically, utilizing a battery of Abl transgenes in combination with mutation or overexpression of the genes of pulled down proteins, and their partners in actin dynamics. The set of Abl transgenes had the following regions deleted: all of 1Q, each half of 1Q ('eighths', 1E and 2E) or a PxxP motif in 2E, which may bind SH3 domains.
GST pulldown identified Hem and Sra-1 as binding partners of 1Q, and our genetic analyses show that both proteins function with Abl in axon guidance, with Sra-1 likely interacting with 1Q. As Hem and Sra-1 are part of the actin-polymerizing WAVE regulatory complex (WRC), we extended our analyses to Abi and Trio, which interact with Abl and WRC members. Overall, the 1Q region (and especially 2E and its PxxP motif) are important for Abl's ability to work with WRC in axon guidance. These areas are also important for Abl's ability to function with the actin regulator Enabled. In comparison, 1E contributes to Abl function with the WRC at the midline, but less so with Enabled.
The 1Q region, and especially the 2E region with its PxxP motif, links Abl with the WRC, its regulators Trio and Abi, and the actin regulator Ena. Removing 1E has specific effects suggesting it may help modulate Abl's interaction with the WRC or Ena. Thus, the 1Q region of Abl plays a key role in regulating actin dynamics during axon guidance.
艾伯斯坦酪氨酸激酶(Abl)在引导轴突的过程中,通过连接引导受体和肌动蛋白动力学,发挥着关键作用。果蝇 Abl 的长 C 末端结构域(CTD)对于这一作用非常重要,之前的研究确定了 CTD 的“第一季度”(1Q)是必不可少的。在这里,我们将 1Q 结合伙伴的物理相互作用与 Abl 在轴突导向中的功能联系起来。
通过 GST 下拉和质谱鉴定了 1Q 的蛋白结合伙伴,并在胚胎神经索和运动神经元中的轴突导向实验中进行了验证。通过 Abl 转基因的一系列组合,以及下拉蛋白的基因突变或过表达,以及它们在肌动蛋白动力学中的伙伴,从遗传上评估了 1Q 的作用。该 Abl 转基因系列缺失了以下区域:1Q 的全部、1Q 的每一半(1E 和 2E)或可能结合 SH3 结构域的 2E 中的 PxxP 基序。
GST 下拉鉴定出 Hem 和 Sra-1 是 1Q 的结合伙伴,我们的遗传分析表明这两种蛋白都与 Abl 在轴突导向中发挥作用,Sra-1 可能与 1Q 相互作用。由于 Hem 和 Sra-1 是肌动蛋白聚合 WAVE 调节复合物(WRC)的一部分,我们将分析扩展到与 Abl 和 WRC 成员相互作用的 Abi 和 Trio。总的来说,1Q 区域(尤其是 2E 及其 PxxP 基序)对于 Abl 与 WRC 在轴突导向中协同作用的能力非常重要。这些区域对于 Abl 与肌动蛋白调节因子 Enabled 协同作用也很重要。相比之下,1E 有助于 Abl 在中线与 WRC 发挥作用,但与 Enabled 的作用较小。
1Q 区域,特别是含有 PxxP 基序的 2E 区域,将 Abl 与 WRC、其调节剂 Trio 和 Abi 以及肌动蛋白调节剂 Ena 联系起来。去除 1E 具有特定的影响,表明它可能有助于调节 Abl 与 WRC 或 Ena 的相互作用。因此,Abl 的 1Q 区域在调节轴突导向过程中的肌动蛋白动力学方面发挥着关键作用。