Department of Immune Modulation, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany.
Division of Bioinformatics, Institute of Biochemistry, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany.
Front Immunol. 2020 Apr 17;11:721. doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.00721. eCollection 2020.
The CD83 molecule has been identified to be expressed on numerous activated immune cells, including B and T lymphocytes, monocytes, dendritic cells, microglia, and neutrophils. Both isoforms of CD83, the membrane-bound as well as its soluble form are topic of intensive research investigations. Several studies revealed that CD83 is not a typical co-stimulatory molecule, but rather plays a critical role in controlling and resolving immune responses. Moreover, CD83 is an essential factor during the differentiation of T and B lymphocytes, and the development and maintenance of tolerance. The identification of its interaction partners as well as signaling pathways have been an enigma for the last decades. Here, we report the latest data on the expression, structure, and the signaling partners of CD83. In addition, we review the regulatory functions of CD83, including its striking modulatory potential to maintain the balance between tolerance versus inflammation during homeostasis or pathologies. These immunomodulatory properties of CD83 emphasize its exceptional therapeutic potential, which has been documented in specific preclinical disease models.
CD83 分子已被鉴定在许多激活的免疫细胞上表达，包括 B 和 T 淋巴细胞、单核细胞、树突状细胞、小胶质细胞和中性粒细胞。CD83 的两种同工型，即膜结合形式及其可溶性形式，都是研究的热点。多项研究表明，CD83 不是典型的共刺激分子，而是在控制和解决免疫反应中发挥关键作用。此外，CD83 是 T 和 B 淋巴细胞分化以及耐受性的发育和维持的一个重要因素。其相互作用伙伴以及信号通路的鉴定在过去几十年一直是一个谜。在这里，我们报告了 CD83 的表达、结构和信号伙伴的最新数据。此外，我们还回顾了 CD83 的调节功能，包括其在维持稳态或病理过程中耐受与炎症之间平衡的显著调节潜力。CD83 的这些免疫调节特性强调了其在特定的临床前疾病模型中具有特殊的治疗潜力。
