Chattu Vijay Kumar, Knight Andy, Reddy K Srikanth, Aginam Obijiofor
Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, ON, Canada.
Department of Political Science, Faculty of Arts, University of Alberta, Canada.
Int J Prev Med. 2020 Feb 25;11:32. doi: 10.4103/2008-7802.279163. eCollection 2020.
Human security is a concept that challenges the traditional notion of national security by placing the 'human' as the central referent of security instead of the 'state.' It is a concept that encompasses health and well-being of people and prioritizes their fundamental freedoms and basic livelihoods by shielding them from acute socioeconomic threats, vulnerabilities and stress. The epicenter of "health security" is located at the intersection of several academic fields or disciplines which do not necessarily share a common theoretical approach. Diverse players in the "health security" domain include practitioners in such fields as security studies, foreign policy, international relations, development theory, environmental politics and the practices of the United Nations system and other multilateral bodies like the World Health Organization (WHO) and the Pan American Health Organization (PAHO). Improvements in health are not only dependent on continued commitments to enhance the availability of healthcare and to strengthen disease prevention systems; they are very much enhanced by that intersection between global security and global health. What is emerging is global health diplomacy paradigm that calls for strengthening of core capacities in the public health and foreign policy arenas aimed at advancing human security through the strengthening of global health diplomacy practices. Human security in its broadest sense embraces far more than the absence of violence and conflict. It encompasses human rights, good governance, access to education and health care, and ensuring that each individual has opportunities and devices to fulfill his or her potential. Every step in this direction is a step towards reducing poverty, achieving growth and preventing conflict. Freedom from want, freedom from fear and the freedom of future generations to inherit a natural environment - these are the interrelated building blocks of human- and therefore national security.
人的安全是一个挑战传统国家安全概念的理念，它将“人”而非“国家”作为安全的核心参照对象。这一理念涵盖了人们的健康和福祉，通过保护人们免受严重的社会经济威胁、脆弱性和压力，将人们的基本自由和基本生计置于优先地位。“健康安全”的核心位于几个学术领域或学科的交叉点，这些领域或学科不一定共享共同的理论方法。“健康安全”领域的不同参与者包括安全研究、外交政策、国际关系、发展理论、环境政治等领域的从业者，以及联合国系统和世界卫生组织（WHO）、泛美卫生组织（PAHO）等其他多边机构的实践。健康状况的改善不仅取决于持续致力于提高医疗保健的可及性和加强疾病预防系统；全球安全与全球健康之间的交叉也极大地促进了健康状况的改善。正在出现的是一种全球健康外交范式，它呼吁加强公共卫生和外交政策领域的核心能力，旨在通过加强全球健康外交实践来推进人的安全。从最广泛的意义上讲，人的安全所涵盖的远不止没有暴力和冲突。它包括人权、善治、获得教育和医疗保健的机会，并确保每个人都有机会和手段发挥其潜力。朝着这个方向迈出的每一步都是朝着减少贫困、实现增长和预防冲突迈进。免于匮乏、免于恐惧以及让后代继承自然环境的自由——这些是人的安全乃至国家安全的相互关联的基石。
