Department of Biology, West Chester University, West Chester, Pennsylvania, USA.
Department of Health, West Chester University, West Chester, Pennsylvania, USA.
Anat Rec (Hoboken). 2021 Jan;304(1):78-89. doi: 10.1002/ar.24407. Epub 2020 Jun 17.
Dogs have been bred for different sizes and functions, which can affect their locomotor biomechanics. As quadrupeds, dogs must distribute their mass between fore and hind legs when standing. The mass distribution in dogs was studied to determine if the proportion of supported mass on each limb couplet is dependent on body size. A total of 552 dogs from 123 breeds ranging in size from Chihuahua to Mastiff were examined. Each dog was weighed on a digital scale while standing, alternating foreleg, and hind leg support. The overall "grand" mean proportion of mass on the forelegs to the total mass was 60.4% (range: 47.6-74.4%). The data set indicated no significant change in the ratio with total mass but there was a significant difference by sex. When separated into American Kennel Club categories, no group was notably different from the grand mean or from each other, but when sex was also considered, there was a significant difference that was not specifically discerned by post hoc analysis. The mean for female Hounds was notably below the grand mean. For clades based on genetics, the mean for European origin mastiffs was notably greater than the grand mean and significantly different from UK origin herders and coursers. The mass of the head, chest, and musculature for propulsion could explain the mass support differential. Mass distribution and terrestrial locomotion in dogs shows substantial variation among breeds.
狗被培育出不同的体型和功能，这会影响它们的运动生物力学。作为四足动物，狗在站立时必须在前后肢之间分配体重。研究了狗的体重分布情况，以确定四肢对体重的支撑比例是否取决于体型。总共检查了来自 123 个品种的 552 只狗，体型从吉娃娃到獒犬不等。每只狗在站立时都在数字秤上称重，交替支撑前肢和后肢。前肢与总质量的“总体”平均质量比例为 60.4%（范围：47.6-74.4%）。数据集表明，该比例与总质量没有显著变化，但性别存在显著差异。当按美国养犬俱乐部的类别进行分类时，没有一个类别与总体平均值或彼此之间有明显差异，但当考虑到性别时，存在显著差异，但事后分析并未具体发现。母猎犬的平均值明显低于总体平均值。对于基于遗传学的分支，欧洲起源的獒犬的平均值明显高于总体平均值，与英国起源的牧羊犬和马具赛跑者显著不同。头部、胸部和用于推进的肌肉的质量可以解释质量支撑的差异。狗的质量分布和陆地运动在品种之间存在很大差异。
