Gloria Frolek Clark, PhD, OTR/L, BCP, FAOTA, is an occupational therapist in private practice, Adel, Iowa;
Karrie L. Kingsley, OTD, OTR/L, is Associate Professor, Chan Division of Occupational Science and Occupational Therapy, University of Southern California, Los Angeles.
Am J Occup Ther. 2020 May/Jun;74(3):7403397010p1-7403397010p42. doi: 10.5014/ajot.2020.743001.
This Practice Guideline provides stakeholders with a condensed summary of a large number of effectiveness studies. It is a valuable tool for facilitating decision making related to occupational therapy interventions for children ages birth-5 yr.
Early childhood (birth-5 yr) is a critical period in which the foundation of key life occupations is developed (e.g., eating, dressing, play, learning, social participation, rest and sleep, and chores). The development of cognitive, motor, social-emotional, and self-care skills is important to support these occupations. This Practice Guideline synthesizes recent systematic reviews (SRs) on these areas of development to promote decision making for and high-quality interventions with this population.
Four SRs related to cognition, mental health, motor function, and ADLs analyzed studies published from 2010 to 2017 retrieved from six electronic databases (MEDLINE, PsycINFO, CINAHL, ERIC, OTseeker, and Cochrane).
A total of 196 articles were included in the SRs, which served as a guide to final clinical recommendations. Case studies describe translation and application to practice.
and Recommendations: A variety of interventions within the domain of occupational therapy were found to support the development of cognitive, social-emotional, motor, and self-care skills. Although some of these interventions are typically implemented by occupational therapy practitioners, others can be implemented by parents after training or by teams working in preschool settings. These findings should be used to inform evidence-based practice provided by occupational therapy practitioners working in various early childhood settings.
This Practice Guideline gives occupational therapy practitioners clear information about which interventions will be effective for specific outcomes. Better intervention choices mean better outcomes for young children and their families.
本实践指南为利益相关者提供了大量有效性研究的浓缩摘要。它是促进与儿童（出生至 5 岁）职业治疗干预措施相关决策的有价值工具。
幼儿期（出生至 5 岁）是发展关键生活职业的关键时期（例如，进食、穿衣、游戏、学习、社会参与、休息和睡眠以及家务）。认知、运动、社会情感和自我护理技能的发展对于支持这些职业至关重要。本实践指南综合了最近关于这些发展领域的系统评价（SR），以促进该人群的决策制定和高质量干预。
四项与认知、心理健康、运动功能和 ADL 相关的 SR 分析了从 2010 年至 2017 年从六个电子数据库（MEDLINE、PsycINFO、CINAHL、ERIC、OTseeker 和 Cochrane）检索到的研究。
共纳入了 196 项纳入 SR 的研究，这些研究为最终的临床建议提供了指导。病例研究描述了翻译和应用于实践。
在职业治疗领域内发现了各种干预措施，可以支持认知、社会情感、运动和自我护理技能的发展。尽管这些干预措施中的一些通常由职业治疗从业者实施，但其他干预措施可以在培训后由家长或在学前环境中工作的团队实施。这些发现应用于告知在各种幼儿环境中工作的职业治疗从业者提供的循证实践。
本实践指南为职业治疗从业者提供了有关哪些干预措施对特定结果有效的明确信息。更好的干预选择意味着对幼儿及其家庭的更好结果。
