Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, California, USA.
Kavli Energy NanoScience Institute, Berkeley, California, USA.
Nat Nanotechnol. 2020 May;15(5):348-355. doi: 10.1038/s41565-020-0673-x. Epub 2020 May 4.
The advancement of additional methods for freshwater generation is imperative to effectively address the global water shortage crisis. In this regard, extraction of the ubiquitous atmospheric moisture is a powerful strategy allowing for decentralized access to potable water. The energy requirements as well as the temporal and spatial restrictions of this approach can be substantially reduced if an appropriate sorbent is integrated in the atmospheric water generator. Recently, metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) have been successfully employed as sorbents to harvest water from air, making atmospheric water generation viable even in desert environments. Herein, the latest progress in the development of MOFs capable of extracting water from air and the design of atmospheric water harvesters deploying such MOFs are reviewed. Furthermore, future directions for this emerging field, encompassing both material and device improvements, are outlined.
为了有效应对全球水资源短缺危机，必须开发更多的淡水生成方法。在这方面，提取无处不在的大气水分是一种强大的策略，可以实现对饮用水的分散获取。如果在大气水生成器中集成适当的吸附剂，则可以大大降低这种方法的能源需求以及时间和空间限制。最近，金属-有机骨架（MOFs）已成功用作从空气中收集水的吸附剂，使得即使在沙漠环境中也可以实现大气水生成。本文综述了用于从空气中提取水的 MOFs 的最新进展，以及使用此类 MOFs 设计的大气水收集器。此外，还概述了这个新兴领域的未来发展方向，包括材料和设备的改进。
