McFadyen S C, Boyce W T, Sobolewski S, Phillips L R
College of Nursing, University of Arizona, Tucson 85721.
J Sch Health. 1988 Dec;58(10):406-9. doi: 10.1111/j.1746-1561.1988.tb05815.x.
Previous research suggests ecological and programmatic characteristics of schools may influence the health and health behavior of schoolchildren. In particular, schools with alternative educational programs, such as "magnet" curricula and extended school hours, have been found to have a higher incidence of student injuries. To examine further the health correlates of alternative educational programs, the authors studied injuries, health office visits, and school absences of 983 elementary schoolchildren during the 1983-1984 academic year. The study population comprised students attending three elementary schools-two with magnet programs and one with a regular primary curriculum. All three had an option for extended school hours. The frequency of school absences was related significantly to school hours, with fewer absences found in schools with extended hours (p less than .01). Enrollment in a magnet school was associated positively and significantly with rates of both health office visits and injuries, even after adjustment for the effects of age, gender, and extended school hours (p less than .001). Finally, an interaction effect was identified in which children enrolled in both a magnet curriculum and an extended day program had substantially higher rates of health office visits than did children enrolled in either program alone (p less than .001). These findings confirm a disproportionate use of school health services for injuries and other health concerns among students attending alternative educational programs. Possible explanations include differences in student characteristics, adult supervision, or the family lifestyles of children in alternative schools.
先前的研究表明，学校的生态和课程设置特点可能会影响学童的健康及健康行为。特别是，那些设有另类教育项目的学校，比如“磁石”课程和延长课时，被发现学生受伤的发生率更高。为了进一步研究另类教育项目与健康之间的关联，作者们对983名小学生在1983 - 1984学年期间的受伤情况、前往医务室就诊情况以及缺课情况进行了研究。研究对象包括就读于三所小学的学生——两所设有磁石项目，一所设有常规小学课程。这三所学校都提供延长课时的选择。缺课频率与上课时间显著相关，课时延长的学校缺课情况较少（p值小于0.01）。即使在对年龄、性别和延长课时的影响进行调整之后，就读于磁石学校与前往医务室就诊率和受伤率都呈显著正相关（p值小于0.001）。最后，研究发现了一种交互作用，即同时参加磁石课程和延长日项目的儿童前往医务室就诊的比率，比只参加其中一个项目的儿童要高得多（p值小于0.001）。这些发现证实，在参加另类教育项目的学生中，因受伤和其他健康问题而使用学校健康服务的比例过高。可能的解释包括学生特征、成人监管或另类学校中儿童的家庭生活方式的差异。
