Department of Occupational and Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing, China.
Department of Laboratory Animal Science, Health Science Center, Peking University, Beijing, China.
J Appl Toxicol. 2020 Sep;40(9):1284-1296. doi: 10.1002/jat.3985. Epub 2020 May 5.
Titanium dioxide nanoparticles (TiO NPs) were usually consumed with a high content of sugar, and children were identified as having the highest exposures due to sweet food preferences. Research on the combined effect of ingested TiO NPs and glucose has great significance, particularly in young people. We examined young Sprague-Dawley rats administered TiO NPs (0, 2, 10 and 50 mg/kg) orally with and without glucose (1.8 g/kg) for 90 days. Blood glucose homeostasis was assessed by monitoring blood glucose and detecting glycoproteins. Glucose tolerance was also evaluated by the oral glucose tolerance test. The levels of blood glucose-related hormones such as insulin, C-peptide and glucagon were measured. We found that subchronic co-exposure of TiO NPs and glucose caused slight imbalance of blood glucose homeostasis in vivo. Mild and temporary hypoglycemia, impaired glucose tolerance and changes of glucose-regulating hormones were shown in the exposure groups. The combined effect of TiO NPs and glucose was more apparent than that of TiO NPs alone, which may be due to the effects of excess glucose and the interactions between TiO NPs and glucose. The antagonistic effect of TiO NPs with glucose did exist in the level of glycosylated hemoglobin in female rats. Gender differences were apparent in these effects induced by TiO NPs and glucose. Female rats seemed to be more susceptible for blood glucose disorders. Co-exposure of TiO NPs and excessive glucose could induce gender-dependent imbalance of blood glucose homeostasis in rats. It may be the reason that these consumers face greater health risks glycosylated hemoglobin.
二氧化钛纳米粒子（TiO2 NPs）通常与高含量的糖一起被消耗，由于对甜食的偏好，儿童被确定为暴露量最高的人群。研究摄入的 TiO2 NPs 和葡萄糖的联合效应具有重要意义，特别是在年轻人中。我们检查了经口给予 TiO2 NPs（0、2、10 和 50 mg/kg）并同时给予葡萄糖（1.8 g/kg）的年轻 Sprague-Dawley 大鼠，共 90 天。通过监测血糖和检测糖蛋白来评估血糖稳态。还通过口服葡萄糖耐量试验评估葡萄糖耐量。测量与血糖相关的激素水平，如胰岛素、C 肽和胰高血糖素。我们发现，TiO2 NPs 和葡萄糖的亚慢性共同暴露导致体内血糖稳态轻微失衡。在暴露组中显示出轻度和暂时的低血糖、葡萄糖耐量受损以及葡萄糖调节激素的变化。TiO2 NPs 和葡萄糖的联合作用比单独暴露 TiO2 NPs 更为明显，这可能是由于过量葡萄糖的作用以及 TiO2 NPs 和葡萄糖之间的相互作用。TiO2 NPs 与葡萄糖在糖化血红蛋白水平上确实存在拮抗作用。TiO2 NPs 和葡萄糖引起的这些影响在雌性大鼠中表现出明显的性别差异。在雄性大鼠中未观察到这种影响。TiO2 NPs 和过量葡萄糖的共同暴露可能导致大鼠血糖稳态的性别依赖性失衡。这可能是这些消费者面临更高的糖化血红蛋白健康风险的原因。
