Kotwa Jonathon D, Pearl David L, Isaksson Mats, Jardine Claire M, Berke Olaf, Mercer Nicola J, Osterman-Lind Eva, Peregrine Andrew S
Department of Pathobiology, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada.
Department of Population Medicine, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada.
Zoonoses Public Health. 2020 Aug;67(5):546-553. doi: 10.1111/zph.12718. Epub 2020 May 5.
Echinococcus multilocularis was recently reported in wild canids across southern Ontario, a newly recognized endemic area in Canada. In such areas, a comprehensive understanding of factors associated with infection in definitive hosts (wild canids) is critical for mitigating risk of transmission to humans. However, little is known about the transmission dynamics of the parasite in definitive hosts for this region. A study was therefore carried out to investigate the association of host-level (sex, body condition), environmental (southern Ontario region, land cover), temporal (season, hunting season, calendar year) and extraneous factors (submitter type) with E. multilocularis infection in coyotes in southern Ontario. Between November 2015 and March 2017, 416 coyotes were collected from across the region as part of a study that investigated the prevalence and distribution of the parasite in wild canids; approximately 24% of coyotes were positive for E. multilocularis. Associations between infection and factors of interest were assessed via a mixed-effects logistic regression model with a random intercept for submitter to account for clustering. Coyotes with poor body condition were at greater odds of E. multilocularis infection than those in good condition (odds ratio [OR] 2.14; 95% CI: 1.08-4.26; p = .030). A negative association was observed between infection in coyotes and the proportion of natural land in a coyote's estimated home range (OR: 0.67; 95% CI: 0.52-0.85; p = .001). Coyotes from the western region of southern Ontario had lower odds of infection compared to coyotes from the central region (OR: 0.26; 95% CI: 0.12-0.55; p < .001). These results can be used to help guide future public health prevention strategies for human alveolar echinococcosis.
多房棘球绦虫最近在安大略省南部的野生犬科动物中被发现，该地区是加拿大一个新确认的地方性流行区。在这些地区，全面了解终末宿主（野生犬科动物）中与感染相关的因素对于降低传播给人类的风险至关重要。然而，对于该地区寄生虫在终末宿主中的传播动态知之甚少。因此，开展了一项研究，以调查宿主水平因素（性别、身体状况）、环境因素（安大略省南部地区、土地覆盖类型）、时间因素（季节、狩猎季节、日历年）和外部因素（提交样本者类型）与安大略省南部郊狼感染多房棘球绦虫之间的关联。在2015年11月至2017年3月期间，从该地区收集了416只郊狼，作为一项调查寄生虫在野生犬科动物中的流行率和分布的研究的一部分；约24%的郊狼多房棘球绦虫检测呈阳性。通过具有提交样本者随机截距的混合效应逻辑回归模型评估感染与相关因素之间的关联，以考虑聚类情况。身体状况差的郊狼感染多房棘球绦虫的几率高于身体状况好的郊狼（优势比[OR]为2.14；95%置信区间：1.08 - 4.26；p = 0.030）。在郊狼感染情况与郊狼估计活动范围内自然土地比例之间观察到负相关（OR：0.67；95%置信区间：0.52 - 0.85；p = 0.001）。与来自中部地区的郊狼相比，安大略省南部西部地区的郊狼感染几率较低（OR：0.26；95%置信区间：0.12 - 0.55；p < 0.001）。这些结果可用于指导未来针对人类肺泡型棘球蚴病的公共卫生预防策略。
