Bai Juan, Zhao Xiaofen
College of Physical Education, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266061, China.
Library, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266061, China.
Toxics. 2020 May 1;8(2):32. doi: 10.3390/toxics8020032.
Contamination of shooting ranges by heavy metals in particular Pb represents a widespread environmental issue attracting concern worldwide. Contaminant accumulation in shooting range soils can pose potential ecological risks and health risks for shooters and workers. Based on the published data on metal contamination at five shooting ranges in China, potential ecological and human health risks of several metals, and in particular, Pb were assessed for the five surveyed shooting ranges. Data show the mean concentrations of Pb, Cu, Hg, Sb, Ni and Cr in various ranges were all higher than the local soil background values, implying their accumulation was induced by shooting activities. The degree of contamination varied with sites and metals, very high Pb contamination at Range 1, Range 2 and Range 5-1, while moderate Pb contamination at Range 3 and Range 5-2. Comparatively, As, Zn and Co showed no contamination. Among the surveyed metals, Pb, Cu, Hg and Sb in shooting range soils displayed relatively high potential ecological risks. The overall degree of potential ecological risk was very high at Range 1 and Range 2, considerable at Range 4 and Range 5-1, and low at Range 3 and Range 5-2. The mean HI (hazard index) of Pb at Range 2 and the maximum HI values at Range 1 and Range 4 were higher than 1, suggesting a possibility of non-carcinogenic risks of Pb contamination at these sites. However, Pb in other range soils and other metals, across the five ranges, all exhibited no non-carcinogenic risks. The cancer risks of the four carcinogenic contaminants (As, Co, Cr, and Ni) were acceptable or negligible at all ranges. In conclusion, contamination of Pb and other metals such as Cu, Hg and Sb can cause various potential ecological risks at all the surveyed ranges, but only Pb at three ranges shows possible health risks. Contamination of Pb in the surveyed shooting ranges should be managed to reduce its possible environmental and health risks.
射击场受到重金属尤其是铅的污染是一个普遍存在的环境问题，引起了全球关注。射击场土壤中的污染物积累会对射击者和工作人员构成潜在的生态风险和健康风险。基于中国五个射击场金属污染的已发表数据，对这五个被调查射击场的几种金属，特别是铅的潜在生态和人类健康风险进行了评估。数据显示，各射击场中铅、铜、汞、锑、镍和铬的平均浓度均高于当地土壤背景值，这意味着它们的积累是由射击活动引起的。污染程度因地点和金属而异，1号射击场、2号射击场和5-1号射击场的铅污染非常高，而3号射击场和5-2号射击场的铅污染为中度。相比之下，砷、锌和钴未显示出污染。在所调查的金属中，射击场土壤中的铅、铜、汞和锑表现出相对较高的潜在生态风险。1号射击场和2号射击场的潜在生态风险总体程度非常高，4号射击场和5-1号射击场相当高，3号射击场和5-2号射击场较低。2号射击场铅的平均危害指数（HI）以及1号射击场和4号射击场的最大HI值高于1，这表明这些地点存在铅污染的非致癌风险可能性。然而，在其他射击场土壤中的铅以及其他五种金属，均未表现出非致癌风险。所有射击场中四种致癌污染物（砷、钴、铬和镍）的致癌风险均可接受或可忽略不计。总之，铅以及铜、汞和锑等其他金属的污染会在所有被调查射击场造成各种潜在生态风险，但只有三个射击场的铅显示出可能的健康风险。应对被调查射击场中的铅污染进行管理，以降低其可能的环境和健康风险。
