Department of Biological Sciences, Simon Fraser University, 8888 University Drive, Burnaby, British Columbia V5A 1S6, Canada.
Clin Psychol Rev. 2020 Jun;78:101857. doi: 10.1016/j.cpr.2020.101857. Epub 2020 Apr 27.
Recent advances in genetics, and new applications of evolutionary biology, are transforming psychology and psychiatry. The purpose of this article is to review and synthesize the progress in these two areas that is most salient to the practice of clinical psychology. First, I describe how the results of genome-wide studies have elucidated the genetic architectures of psychiatric disorders. These genetic results can be applied to generate polygenic risk scores, identify rare causal mutations, evaluate gene by environment interactions, and help determine the specific causes of psychiatric disorders for each individual, all of which can help to guide therapies and treatments. Second, I explain how evolutionary theory, applied to human development, the human psyche, and mental disorders, leads to novel insights relevant to therapy. Evolutionary thinking for psychiatry and psychology is consilient with contemporary schools of thought in clinical psychology, but also provides novel, non-intuitive, and clinically-useful insights. Effects of the genome in development, and functioning of the adult psyche, are both usefully conceived as dynamical, non-linear systems, regulated by feedbacks, that can become disordered in predictable yet individualistic ways. The merging of genetic, neurological, psychological, and evolutionary approaches is set to transform clinical psychology and psychiatry, but requires increased emphasis on cross-disciplinary thinking and research.
遗传学的最新进展和进化生物学的新应用正在改变心理学和精神病学。本文旨在综述和综合这两个领域的进展，这些进展对临床心理学的实践最为重要。首先，我描述了全基因组研究如何阐明精神障碍的遗传结构。这些遗传结果可用于生成多基因风险评分、识别罕见的因果突变、评估基因与环境的相互作用，并帮助确定每个个体精神障碍的具体原因，所有这些都有助于指导治疗。其次，我解释了进化理论如何应用于人类发展、人类心理和精神障碍，从而为治疗提供新的见解。精神病学和心理学的进化思维与临床心理学的当代思潮相一致，但也提供了新颖的、非直观的、临床上有用的见解。基因组在发育和成人心理功能中的作用都可以被合理地设想为受反馈调节的动态非线性系统，这些系统可能会以可预测但又具有个体差异的方式出现紊乱。遗传学、神经科学、心理学和进化方法的融合有望改变临床心理学和精神病学，但需要更加重视跨学科思维和研究。
