Department of Biological Sciences, College of Natural and Applied Sciences, Igbinedion University Okada, Edo State, Nigeria.
J Appl Microbiol. 2020 Nov;129(5):1402-1409. doi: 10.1111/jam.14693. Epub 2020 May 26.
Public health promotion of fruit and vegetables as healthier sources of nutrition in Nigeria has led to an increase in consumption of fruit and vegetables, particularly in the form of ready-to-eat (RTE) salads. However, the continual association of drug-resistant bacteria with fruit and vegetables creates an additional challenge for consumer safety. Hence this study was carried out to determine the prevalence of multidrug-resistant bacteria (MRB) in, and characterization of MRB isolated from, RTE salads.
RTE vegetable salad samples were randomly selected for bacterial analysis with Wei's Urn iterative randomization technique and a One Way Analysis of Variance performed with Kruskal-Wallis test. Total viable bacteria count (TVC) was performed with pour-plate technique. Bacterial colonies from Petri plates were tested for multidrug resistance with Kirby Bauer disc diffusion test and prevalence/counts of MRB, as well as multiple antibiotic resistance indices (MAR), was/were subsequently deduced. Mean prevalence of MRB in all RTE salad samples was estimated at 54·38% while mean counts of MRB were estimated at 6·83 ± 6·42 log CFU per g. Prevalence of bacterial resistance to all antibiotics tested ranged from 5·92 to 100·00%. Mean MAR obtained for all RTE salad samples was estimated at 0·51 (recommended limit = 0·20) indicating that RTE salads were a potential source of MRB, with significant health risk. MRB isolated from RTE salads included Proteus vulgaris strain ATU 243, Bacillus thuringiensis strain AND 236, Citrobacter freundii strain ABC 2 and Serratia marcescens strain ADJ 212.
This study showed that MRB constitute a significant proportion of the bacterial community present in RTE salads served in Nigerian restaurants.
Our study provided empirical evidence which showed that RTE salads served in Nigerian restaurants were a potential source of MRB, with significant health risk.
尼日利亚将水果和蔬菜作为更健康营养来源的公共卫生促进措施，导致水果和蔬菜的消费增加，特别是即食（RTE）沙拉的消费增加。然而，耐药细菌与水果和蔬菜的持续关联给消费者安全带来了额外的挑战。因此，进行了这项研究，以确定 RTE 沙拉中多药耐药菌（MRB）的流行率，并对从 RTE 沙拉中分离出的 MRB 进行表征。
使用 Wei 的 Urn 迭代随机化技术随机选择 RTE 蔬菜沙拉样本进行细菌分析，并使用 One Way Analysis of Variance 进行 Kruskal-Wallis 检验。使用倾注平板技术进行总活菌计数（TVC）。从培养皿中的细菌菌落进行 Kirby Bauer 圆盘扩散试验，以检测多药耐药性，并随后推断出 MRB 的流行率/计数，以及多重抗生素耐药指数（MAR）。所有 RTE 沙拉样本中 MRB 的平均流行率估计为 54.38%，而 MRB 的平均计数估计为每克 6.83±6.42 log CFU。所有测试抗生素的细菌耐药率范围为 5.92%至 100.00%。所有 RTE 沙拉样本的平均 MAR 估计为 0.51（推荐限值为 0.20），表明 RTE 沙拉是 MRB 的潜在来源，存在重大健康风险。从 RTE 沙拉中分离出的 MRB 包括普通变形杆菌 ATU 243 株、苏云金芽孢杆菌 AND 236 株、弗氏柠檬酸杆菌 ABC 2 株和粘质沙雷氏菌 ADJ 212 株。
本研究表明，MRB 构成了尼日利亚餐馆供应的 RTE 沙拉中存在的细菌群落的重要组成部分。
我们的研究提供了经验证据，表明尼日利亚餐馆供应的 RTE 沙拉是 MRB 的潜在来源，存在重大健康风险。
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