Basile Anthony J, Jasbi Paniz, Clark William, Shi Xiaojian, Gu Haiwei, Deviche Pierre, Sweazea Karen L
School of Life Sciences, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, USA.
College of Health Solutions, Arizona State University, Phoenix, AZ, USA.
Comp Biochem Physiol A Mol Integr Physiol. 2020 Sep;247:110718. doi: 10.1016/j.cbpa.2020.110718. Epub 2020 May 5.
Birds are an enigma: their plasma glucose concentration is 1.5-2 times higher than similar-sized mammals, yet they do not normally exhibit symptoms of diabetes. We hypothesized that feeding adult mourning doves a refined carbohydrate diet (white bread: WB) for four weeks would raise plasma glucose concentrations and alter metabolic pathways and endothelial function when compared to birds receiving a nutritionally-balanced diet (bird seeds: SD). Following the four-week long diets, birds were euthanized, and cardiac blood, liver, and pectoralis muscles were collected for metabolomics analyses and biochemical assays. Cranial tibial arteries were dissected to measure acetylcholine-mediated vasodilation. Contrary to the hypothesis, WB-fed birds did not have increased plasma glucose concentrations. Principle component analysis score plots suggest minimal differences between groups. However, we identified 15 changes in individual metabolite concentrations between diet groups that, although not statistically significant, are highly predictive (area under receive operating curve, AUROC>0.90; number of highly predictive metabolites: 5 of 123 in plasma, 4 of 92 in liver, and 6 of 92 in pectoralis muscle). Moreover, pathway analyses revealed no significantly altered metabolic pathways between groups. Biochemical assays revealed no significant group differences in plasma uric acid and insulin, or pectoralis muscle glycogen concentrations. However, hepatic glycogen concentration was 2.12-fold higher in the WB group than in control doves (p = .015). Diet type did not influence vasodilation. In conclusion, a four-week long white bread diet increased liver glycogen but did not alter plasma glucose concentrations, metabolic or vascular physiology in mourning doves.
它们的血浆葡萄糖浓度比体型相似的哺乳动物高1.5至2倍，但它们通常不会表现出糖尿病症状。我们假设，与接受营养均衡饮食（鸟食：SD）的鸟类相比，给成年哀鸽喂食四周精制碳水化合物饮食（白面包：WB）会提高血浆葡萄糖浓度，并改变代谢途径和内皮功能。在进行了四周的饮食喂养后，对鸟类实施安乐死，并采集心脏血液、肝脏和胸肌用于代谢组学分析和生化检测。解剖胫前动脉以测量乙酰胆碱介导的血管舒张。与假设相反，喂食WB的鸟类血浆葡萄糖浓度并未升高。主成分分析得分图表明各组之间差异极小。然而，我们发现饮食组之间有15种个体代谢物浓度发生了变化，尽管这些变化在统计学上并不显著，但具有很高的预测性（接受者操作特征曲线下面积，AUROC>0.90；高预测性代谢物数量：血浆中123种中有5种，肝脏中92种中有4种，胸肌中92种中有6种）。此外，通路分析显示各组之间代谢途径没有显著改变。生化检测显示，血浆尿酸、胰岛素或胸肌糖原浓度在组间没有显著差异。然而，WB组的肝糖原浓度比对照鸽高2.12倍（p = 0.015）。饮食类型不影响血管舒张。总之，四周的白面包饮食增加了哀鸽的肝糖原，但未改变血浆葡萄糖浓度、代谢或血管生理。
