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Total Protein Staining is Superior to Classical or Tissue-Specific Protein Staining for Standardization of Protein Biomarkers in Heterogeneous Tissue Samples.

作者信息

Bettencourt Jacob W, McLaury Alex R, Limberg Afton K, Vargas-Hernandez Juan S, Bayram Banu, Owen Aaron R, Berry Daniel J, Sanchez-Sotelo Joaquin, Morrey Mark E, van Wijnen Andre J, Abdel Matthew P

机构信息

Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN.

Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN.

出版信息

Gene Rep. 2020 Jun;19. doi: 10.1016/j.genrep.2020.100641. Epub 2020 Mar 6.


DOI:10.1016/j.genrep.2020.100641
PMID:32377595
原文链接:https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC7202473/
Abstract

Protein detection techniques such as western blotting and ELISA rely on housekeeping proteins as standards for sample normalization. However, clinical or animal tissue specimens are heterogeneous due to presence of contaminating cell types and tissues (e.g., blood vessels and muscle) or cellular decay during tissue storage and isolation which may compromise protein integrity. This biological heterogeneity may invalidate the assumption that housekeeping proteins are invariable across various specimens. This study provides data that advocate for protein standardization based on total protein staining in rabbit posterior capsular tissues. We compared the classical normalization markers glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH) and β-tubulin (TUBB) with other proteins that have low variation in expression (i.e., FTL, FTH1, EEF1A1, TPT1) based on RNAseq data for human posterior capsular tissues. Histological examination revealed a high degree of qualitative variation in microscopic images of capsular tissue specimens. This variation is reflected by significant differences in specific protein signals for all housekeeping proteins as detected by western blot analysis. However, total protein staining, which combines the intensity of multiple gel electrophoretic bands, normalizes natural biological variation observed for individual housekeeping proteins and permits assessment of protein integrity. Therefore, we propose that normalization based on total protein staining increases accuracy of protein quantification of heterogeneous tissue specimen samples.

摘要

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Total Protein Staining is Superior to Classical or Tissue-Specific Protein Staining for Standardization of Protein Biomarkers in Heterogeneous Tissue Samples.

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本文引用的文献

[1]
Molecular pathology of adverse local tissue reaction caused by metal-on-metal implants defined by RNA-seq.

Genomics. 2018-9-21

[2]
A Drug Eluting Scaffold for the Treatment of Arthrofibrosis.

Tissue Eng Part C Methods. 2018-9

[3]
Tubulin or Not Tubulin: Heading Toward Total Protein Staining as Loading Control in Western Blots.

Proteomics. 2017-10

[4]
Common housekeeping proteins are upregulated in colorectal adenocarcinoma and hepatocellular carcinoma, making the total protein a better "housekeeper".

Oncotarget. 2016-10-11

[5]
State-of-the-art housekeeping proteins for quantitative western blotting: Revisiting the first draft of the human proteome.

Proteomics. 2016-7

[6]
Total protein or high-abundance protein: Which offers the best loading control for Western blotting?

Anal Biochem. 2016-3-1

[7]
β-Actin as a loading control: Less than 2 μg of total protein should be loaded.

Electrophoresis. 2015-9

[8]
Stain-free detection as loading control alternative to Ponceau and housekeeping protein immunodetection in Western blotting.

Anal Biochem. 2014-12-15

[9]
Mass-spectrometry-based draft of the human proteome.

Nature. 2014-5-29

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Nucleic Acids Res. 2013-11-18

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