Department of Animal Physiology, College of Animal Science and Livestock Production, Federal University of Agriculture, Abeokuta, Nigeria.
Department of Animal Production and Health, College of Animal Science and Livestock Production, Federal University of Agriculture, Abeokuta, Nigeria.
J Anim Physiol Anim Nutr (Berl). 2020 Sep;104(5):1401-1409. doi: 10.1111/jpn.13381. Epub 2020 May 7.
Adaptation of Nigerian indigenous chickens (NIC), FUNAAB-α (F-α) and Transylvanian naked neck chickens (TNN) raised during hot-dry season under humid tropical environment was compared during a 4-week period. A well-adapted NIC (n = 12; 6 males and 6 females), a newly developed F-α (n = 12; 6 male and 6 females) and a newly introduced TNN (n = 12; 6 male and 6 females) chickens aged 36 weeks were used for this experiment. Heart rate (HR), respiratory rate (RR), rectal temperature (RT) and skin temperature on comb (COM), wattle (WAT), breast (BRE) and under wings (WIN) were monitored between 13.00 and 14.00h twice a week for four weeks. Wattle temperature (p = .017) and BRE (p = .000) differ significantly among the genotypes. Transylvanian naked neck chickens recorded higher WAT than NIC, though not different from F-α. Nigerian indigenous chickens had lower BRE temperature than other two genotypes. Significantly higher WAT (p < .001) and WIN (p < .05) were recorded in cocks than in laying hens. In contrast, laying hens had significantly (p < .001) higher RR and HSI than cocks. There was interactive (p < .05) effect of sex and genotype on BRE. Nigerian indigenous cocks and hens exhibited lower BRE than others, except F-α cock. There were positive significant correlations between WIN and WAT in the three genotypes. In NIC, COM had positive correlation with WAT (r = .532) and WIN (r = .696). Heart rate was positively correlated with WAT (r = .608) and WIN (r = .697) in F-α, and WIN (r = .512) in TNN chickens. In conclusion, the three genotypes can adequately adapt to the prevailing conditions of humid tropics. Reduction of feather on the neck and breast and higher heat loss capacity in TNN chickens could help the birds adapt to hot-humid environment. The two sexes could adapt to the tropical region. Cocks lose body heat predominantly via non-evaporative means while hens employ evaporative heat loss mechanism.
在湿热的热带环境下，比较了适应尼日利亚本土鸡（NIC）、FUNAAB-α（F-α）和特兰西瓦尼亚裸颈鸡（TNN）在热干季节的适应能力，为期 4 周。本实验使用了 36 周龄的适应性良好的 NIC（n=12；6 只公鸡和 6 只母鸡）、新开发的 F-α（n=12；6 只公鸡和 6 只母鸡）和新引进的 TNN（n=12；6 只公鸡和 6 只母鸡）鸡。每周两次在 13.00 至 14.00 之间监测心率（HR）、呼吸率（RR）、直肠温度（RT）以及鸡冠（COM）、肉垂（WAT）、胸部（BRE）和翅膀下（WIN）的皮肤温度，共持续 4 周。三种基因型之间的肉垂温度（p=0.017）和 BRE（p=0.000）有显著差异。特兰西瓦尼亚裸颈鸡的 WAT 比 NIC 高，尽管与 F-α 没有差异。尼日利亚本土鸡的 BRE 温度低于其他两种基因型。公鸡的 WAT（p<0.001）和 WIN（p<0.05）显著高于母鸡。相反，母鸡的 RR 和 HSI 显著高于公鸡（p<0.001）。性别的交互作用（p<0.05）对 BRE 有影响。除 F-α 公鸡外，尼日利亚本土公鸡和母鸡的 BRE 均低于其他两种基因型。三种基因型的 WIN 和 WAT 之间存在显著正相关。在 NIC 中，COM 与 WAT（r=0.532）和 WIN（r=0.696）呈正相关。F-α 中的 HR 与 WAT（r=0.608）和 WIN（r=0.697）呈正相关，而 TNN 鸡中的 HR 与 WIN（r=0.512）呈正相关。总之，这三种基因型可以充分适应湿热的热带条件。特兰西瓦尼亚裸颈鸡颈部和胸部的羽毛减少，散热能力增强，有助于鸟类适应炎热潮湿的环境。两种性别都可以适应热带地区。公鸡主要通过非蒸发方式散热，而母鸡则利用蒸发散热机制。
