Pittman Jeremy, Tam Jamie C, Epstein Graham, Chan Cheryl, Armitage Derek
University of Waterloo, 200 University Avenue West, Waterloo, ON, N2L 3G1, Canada.
Bedford Institute of Oceanography, Fisheries and Oceans Canada, 1 Challenger Drive, Dartmouth, NS, B2Y 4A2, Canada.
Ambio. 2020 Dec;49(12):2038-2051. doi: 10.1007/s13280-020-01327-7. Epub 2020 May 8.
The use of moored Fish Aggregating Devices (FADs) in small-scale fisheries is a potential solution to food security concerns, economic development needs, and the overexploitation of nearshore coastal fisheries in the Eastern Caribbean. However, moored FADs also generate novel and largely unstudied governance challenges involving (1) the provisioning of FADs, (2) fisheries resource appropriation, (3) human wellbeing, and (4) food web impacts. We examine the relative performance of three governance scenarios to address these challenges: private-individual, community-based, and top-down governance. We construct a qualitative network model (QNM) of the fishery based on semi-structured interviews (n = 60) with fishers and fisheries managers, established food web and economic models, and expert knowledge. We simulate the social-ecological impacts of the three governance scenarios. The models suggest that community-based and top-down governance scenarios result in low levels of conflict, but provide limited incentives to develop and maintain moored FADs. The private-individual governance scenario tends to increase conflict and incentives for monitoring FADs, but has no impact on incentives for maintaining and deploying FADs.
在小规模渔业中使用系泊式集鱼装置（FADs）是解决东加勒比地区粮食安全问题、经济发展需求以及近岸沿海渔业过度开发问题的一个潜在方案。然而，系泊式FADs也带来了一些新的且大多未被研究的治理挑战，包括（1）FADs的供应，（2）渔业资源的占用，（3）人类福祉，以及（4）对食物网的影响。我们研究了三种治理方案应对这些挑战的相对表现：私人个体治理、基于社区的治理和自上而下的治理。我们基于对渔民和渔业管理人员的半结构化访谈（n = 60）、已建立的食物网和经济模型以及专家知识，构建了该渔业的定性网络模型（QNM）。我们模拟了这三种治理方案的社会生态影响。模型表明，基于社区的治理方案和自上而下的治理方案冲突水平较低，但对开发和维护系泊式FADs的激励有限。私人个体治理方案往往会增加冲突以及监测FADs的激励，但对维护和部署FADs的激励没有影响。
