Kornberg A, Kaufman S, Silber L, Ishay J S
Department of Hematology, Assaf Harofeh Medical Center, Zerifin, Israel.
Toxicon. 1988;26(12):1169-76. doi: 10.1016/0041-0101(88)90301-7.
Venom sac extract of the Oriental hornet significantly prolongs the prothrombin time and the activated partial thromboplastin time both in vitro in human plasma and in vivo in cats. Activity of factors VIII and IX in plasma is reduced to less than 1% within 5 min even with 1 microgram of venom sac extract per ml. The activity of purified factor VIII, as well as semipurified factors IX and X, in factor IX complex was also significantly reduced after incubation with the venom. The decrease of factors II, V, VII, X, XI and XII activity to 9%, 11%, 11%, 29%, 1.7% and 0.7% of normal, respectively, is dose- and time-dependent. Thrombin time, plasma fibrinogen and fibrin degradation products are not affected. The anticoagulant activity is not reversed by dialysis and is abolished completely by heating; it resides mainly in fractions with mol.wts above 5000. The venom has a proteolytic activity on 14C-globin which is partially inhibited by trasylol and ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid. Thus, the venom sac extract exhibits both serine and metaloprotease activities which may affect the activity of the plasma coagulation factors.
东方大黄蜂的毒囊提取物在体外人血浆和体内猫实验中均能显著延长凝血酶原时间和活化部分凝血活酶时间。即使每毫升加入1微克毒囊提取物，血浆中因子VIII和IX的活性在5分钟内也会降至1%以下。与毒液孵育后，因子IX复合物中纯化的因子VIII以及半纯化的因子IX和X的活性也显著降低。因子II、V、VII、X、XI和XII的活性分别降至正常水平的9%、11%、11%、29%、1.7%和0.7%，呈剂量和时间依赖性。凝血酶时间、血浆纤维蛋白原和纤维蛋白降解产物不受影响。抗凝活性不能通过透析逆转，加热可完全消除；其主要存在于分子量高于5000的组分中。毒液对14C-珠蛋白具有蛋白水解活性，抑肽酶和乙二胺四乙酸可部分抑制该活性。因此，毒囊提取物同时具有丝氨酸蛋白酶和金属蛋白酶活性，可能会影响血浆凝血因子的活性。
