Department of Human Evolution, Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, Leipzig, Germany.
Department of Chemistry 'G. Ciamician', University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy.
Nat Ecol Evol. 2020 Jun;4(6):794-801. doi: 10.1038/s41559-020-1136-3. Epub 2020 May 11.
The stratigraphy at Bacho Kiro Cave, Bulgaria, spans the Middle to Upper Palaeolithic transition, including an Initial Upper Palaeolithic (IUP) assemblage argued to represent the earliest arrival of Upper Palaeolithic Homo sapiens in Europe. We applied the latest techniques in C dating to an extensive dataset of newly excavated animal and human bones to produce a robust, high-precision radiocarbon chronology for the site. At the base of the stratigraphy, the Middle Palaeolithic (MP) occupation dates to >51,000 yr BP. A chronological gap of over 3,000 years separates the MP occupation from the occupation of the cave by H. sapiens, which extends to 34,000 cal BP. The extensive IUP assemblage, now associated with directly dated H. sapiens fossils at this site, securely dates to 45,820-43,650 cal BP (95.4% probability), probably beginning from 46,940 cal BP (95.4% probability). The results provide chronological context for the early occupation of Europe by Upper Palaeolithic H. sapiens.
保加利亚 Bacho Kiro 洞穴的地层跨越中-上新世过渡时期，包括被认为代表欧洲最早出现的旧石器时代晚期智人的初始旧石器时代晚期（IUP）组合。我们应用最新的 C 年代测定技术对新挖掘的动物和人类骨骼的大量数据集进行了分析，为该遗址提供了一个强大、高精度的放射性碳年代序列。在地层的底部，中石器时代（MP）的居住时间超过 51000 年。MP 居住时期与智人在洞穴的居住时期之间存在着 3000 多年的时间间隔，智人的居住时间延伸到 34000 年 cal BP。现在与该地点直接测定的智人化石相关联的广泛的 IUP 组合，可追溯到 45820-43650 年 cal BP（95.4%概率），可能从 46940 年 cal BP（95.4%概率）开始。这些结果为旧石器时代晚期智人在欧洲的早期占领提供了时间背景。
