Moore M K, Stewart J H, McCormick W F
Department of Anthropology, Appalachian State University, Boone, North Carolina.
Am J Forensic Med Pathol. 1988 Dec;9(4):348-54. doi: 10.1097/00000433-198812000-00017.
Anomalies of the sternal rib ends and costal cartilages, sternal foramina, and epi(supra)sternal bones from a large, modern autopsy population have been described. Rib abnormalities (duplications, fusions, and spurs) were found in 55 of 2,016 plastron roentgenograms, sternal foramina were found in 135, and episternal bones were found in 51. Sternal foramina were significantly more common in blacks than in whites and episternal bones more common in whites than blacks; rib anomalies had no recognizable racial predilection. Rib anomalies were almost three times more common in males than females, whereas episternal bones were only slightly more common in males. Sternal foramina had no sex predilection. Episternal bones were slightly more often unilateral than bilateral and, when unilateral, were twice as often located on the left. While none of the malformations studied appeared to be of clinical significance, they are of potential forensic value in individual identification.
对来自大量现代尸检人群的胸骨肋骨末端、肋软骨、胸骨孔和胸骨上（胸骨上）骨的异常情况进行了描述。在2016张腹甲X线片中，发现55例肋骨异常（重复、融合和骨刺），135例胸骨孔，51例胸骨上骨。胸骨孔在黑人中比在白人中明显更常见，胸骨上骨在白人中比在黑人中更常见；肋骨异常没有明显的种族偏好。肋骨异常在男性中比女性中几乎多三倍，而胸骨上骨仅在男性中略为常见。胸骨孔没有性别偏好。胸骨上骨单侧出现的频率略高于双侧，当为单侧时，位于左侧的频率是右侧的两倍。虽然所研究的畸形似乎都没有临床意义，但它们在个体识别中具有潜在的法医价值。
