Instituto Multidisciplinario de Biología Vegetal, Área Contaminación y Bioindicadores, FCEFyN, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, CONICET, Av. Vélez Sársfield 1611, X5016CGA, Córdoba, Argentina.
Environ Sci Pollut Res Int. 2020 Aug;27(22):27786-27795. doi: 10.1007/s11356-020-09135-y. Epub 2020 May 12.
Heavy metals induce stress in plants, thereby affecting growth, crop quality, and food security. Most studies addressing the mitigation of these effects by soil amendment have focused on metals in soils and plant uptake, with there still being a great deal of uncertainty about how amendment application in polluted soils can modify plant stress response and, consequently, yield and food safety. Thus, the aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of biosolid compost amendment on stress response, growth, and lead accumulation in Glycine max, when applied to lead polluted agricultural soils. Soybean was grown in lead polluted soils with 0%, 5%, or 10% (w/w) biosolid compost amendment under controlled conditions in a greenhouse, and the stress response indicators chlorophylls, proteins, sugars, malondialdehyde, glutathione S-transferase activity, carotenes, and the ferric reducing antioxidant power were investigated. In addition, the biomass and lead accumulation in different organs were determined and evaluated with respect to the plant stress. Our results revealed that the addition of 10% biosolid compost improved the grain biomass and appeared to reduce the amount of defective grains, which was related to higher Pb concentrations. Furthermore, 10% compost treatment reduced the stress in plants, leading to a better performance of the photosynthetic system, and with the antioxidant response being positively correlated to Pb accumulation. Lead uptake in plants was decreased by between 35 and 57% after this treatment in comparison with unamended soils. These results indicate that biosolid compost amendment may be an effective way to alleviate Pb uptake and metal stress in soybeans.
重金属会对植物造成胁迫，从而影响植物的生长、作物质量和粮食安全。大多数研究都集中在通过土壤改良来减轻这些影响，这些研究主要关注土壤中的金属和植物吸收，而对于在污染土壤中进行改良应用如何改变植物的应激反应，以及如何改变植物的生长、产量和食品安全，仍存在很大的不确定性。因此，本研究旨在评估生物固体堆肥改良对受铅污染的农业土壤中大豆应激反应、生长和铅积累的影响。在温室中，采用控制条件，将大豆种植在受铅污染的土壤中，土壤中添加 0%、5%或 10%（w/w）的生物固体堆肥，研究了应激反应指标叶绿素、蛋白质、糖、丙二醛、谷胱甘肽 S-转移酶活性、类胡萝卜素和铁还原抗氧化能力。此外，还测定了不同器官的生物量和铅积累量，并根据植物应激情况进行了评估。研究结果表明，添加 10%的生物固体堆肥可提高籽粒生物量，似乎减少了缺陷籽粒的数量，这与较高的 Pb 浓度有关。此外，10%堆肥处理降低了植物的应激水平，使光合作用系统的性能更好，抗氧化反应与 Pb 积累呈正相关。与未改良土壤相比，经该处理后，植物对 Pb 的吸收减少了 35%至 57%。这些结果表明，生物固体堆肥改良可能是减轻大豆中 Pb 吸收和金属胁迫的有效方法。
