J Opt Soc Am A Opt Image Sci Vis. 2020 Apr 1;37(4):A145-A153. doi: 10.1364/JOSAA.379182.
We examined the contributions of rhodopsin and melanopsin to human brightness estimation under dim lighting. Absolute brightness magnitudes were estimated for full-field, rhodopsin-, or melanopsin-equated narrowband lights (${\lambda _{\rm max}}:;{462}$λ:462, 499, 525 nm). Our data show that in scotopic illumination ($ - {5.1}$-5.1 to $ - {3.9};{\log};\unicode{x00B5} {\rm Watts}\cdot{\rm cm}^{ - 2}$-3.9logµWatts⋅cm), the perceptual brightness estimates of rhodopic irradiance-equated conditions are independent of their corresponding melanopic irradiance, whereas brightness estimates with melanopic irradiance-equated conditions increase with increasing rhodopic irradiance. In mesopic illumination ($ - {3.4}$-3.4 to $ - {1.9};{\log};\unicode{x00B5} {\rm Watts}\cdot{\rm cm}^{ - 2}$-1.9logµWatts⋅cm), the brightness estimates with both lighting conditions increase with increasing rhodopic or melanopic irradiances. Rhodopsin activation therefore entirely signals scotopic brightness perception and plateaus in mesopic illumination where intrinsic melanopsin contributions become first evident. We infer that all photoreceptor signals are transmitted to higher visual centers for representing scene brightness in scotopic and mesopic illumination through both conventional and melanopsin ganglion cell pathways.
我们研究了视紫红质和黑视蛋白对人在低光照下亮度估计的贡献。对全视野、视紫红质等效或黑视蛋白等效的窄带光（${\lambda _{\rm max}}:;{462}$λ:462、499、525nm）进行了绝对亮度估计。我们的数据表明，在暗视照明下（$-{5.1}$-5.1 到$-{3.9};{\log};\unicode{x00B5} {\rm Watts}\cdot{\rm cm}^{ - 2}$-3.9logµWatts⋅cm），视紫红质辐照度等效条件的感知亮度估计与其相应的黑视蛋白辐照度无关，而黑视蛋白辐照度等效条件的亮度估计随着视紫红质辐照度的增加而增加。在中间视觉照明下（$-{3.4}$-3.4 到$-{1.9};{\log};\unicode{x00B5} {\rm Watts}\cdot{\rm cm}^{ - 2}$-1.9logµWatts⋅cm），两种光照条件的亮度估计都随着视紫红质或黑视蛋白辐照度的增加而增加。因此，视紫红质的激活完全信号指示暗视觉亮度感知，并在中间视觉照明中达到平台，此时内在黑视蛋白的贡献首先变得明显。我们推断，所有光感受器信号都通过传统的和黑视蛋白神经节细胞通路传递到更高的视觉中枢，以表示暗视觉和中间视觉照明下的场景亮度。
