Zurak Luka, Labinac Velimir, Erceg Nataša, Aviani Ivica, Jusup Marko, Karuza Marin
J Opt Soc Am A Opt Image Sci Vis. 2020 May 1;37(5):752-758. doi: 10.1364/JOSAA.388703.
We recorded diffraction patterns using a commercially available slit and sensor over a wide range of experimental circumstances, including near- and far-field regimes and oblique incidence at large angles. We then compared the measured patterns with theoretical intensity curves calculated via the numerical integration of formulas derived within the framework of scalar diffraction theory. Experiment and theory show particularly good agreement when the first Rayleigh-Sommerfeld (R-S) formula is used. The Kirchhoff formula, though problematic in the context of mathematical consistency, agrees with the first R-S formula, even for large incidence angles, whereas the second R-S formula differs visibly. To obtain such a good agreement, we replaced the assumption of an incident plane wave with that of a Gaussian beam and implemented geometric corrections to account for slit imperfections. These results reveal how the scope of scalar diffraction theory can be extended with a small set of auxiliary assumptions.
我们使用市售的狭缝和传感器在广泛的实验条件下记录衍射图案，包括近场和远场区域以及大角度斜入射。然后，我们将测量的图案与通过标量衍射理论框架内推导的公式进行数值积分计算得到的理论强度曲线进行比较。当使用第一个瑞利 - 索末菲（R - S）公式时，实验和理论显示出特别好的一致性。基尔霍夫公式虽然在数学一致性方面存在问题，但即使对于大入射角也与第一个R - S公式一致，而第二个R - S公式则有明显差异。为了获得如此好的一致性，我们用高斯光束的假设取代了入射平面波的假设，并实施了几何校正以考虑狭缝缺陷。这些结果揭示了如何通过一小组辅助假设来扩展标量衍射理论的范围。
