Institute of Veterinary Medicine, University of Goettingen, Burckhardtweg 2, Goettingen, D-37077, Germany.
Anim Genet. 2020 Aug;51(4):590-594. doi: 10.1111/age.12949. Epub 2020 May 13.
Autochthonous cattle breeds are an important part of cultural heritage and reservoir of genetic diversity. Usually, such breeds have been selected over centuries and reflect adaptation to a specific local environment and human demands. However, owing to low effective population size in conjunction with increased inbreeding and genetic drift, many of these lineages are threatened with extinction. The Jochberger Hummel ('Jochberger Bumblebee') is such an endangered subtype of the Pinzgauer cattle originating from a single polled female calf. To evaluate the suspected uniqueness of this subtype and to assess whether it should be kept separate or managed together with the Pinzgauer cattle as one population, I examined the genetic diversity in a set of 844 cattle (Angus, Charolais, Holstein, Jochberger Hummel, Pinzgauer, Uckermaerker and Tux-Zillertaler) using principal component and biogeographical ancestry analysis. The analysis showed that the Jochberger Hummel is still a distinct subtype of Pinzgauer cattle with less than 5% admixture and a low inbreeding coefficient.
本土牛种是文化遗产的重要组成部分，也是遗传多样性的宝库。通常，这些品种经过数百年的选育，反映了对特定当地环境和人类需求的适应。然而，由于有效种群规模较小，加之近亲繁殖和遗传漂变的增加，许多这样的品系面临灭绝的威胁。Jochberger Hummel（“Jochberger 大黄蜂”）就是源自一只无角雌性小牛的濒危品系 Pinzgauer 牛。为了评估这种亚品种的疑似独特性，并评估它是否应该作为一个单独的种群保留，或者与 Pinzgauer 牛一起作为一个种群进行管理，我使用主成分和生物地理祖先分析，对一组 844 头牛（安格斯、夏洛来、荷斯坦、Jochberger Hummel、Pinzgauer、Uckermaerker 和 Tux-Zillertaler）进行了遗传多样性评估。分析表明，Jochberger Hummel 仍然是 Pinzgauer 牛的一个独特亚品种，其杂交比例低于 5%，近交系数较低。
