Goldberg J H, Alred J W
Pennsylvania State University, University Park.
Aviat Space Environ Med. 1988 Dec;59(12):1150-7.
As we plan for long-term living and working in low-gravity environments, a system to predict mission support requirements, such as food and water, becomes critical. Such a system must consider the workload imposed by physical tasks for efficient estimation of these supplies. An accurate estimate of human energy expenditure on a space station or lunar base is also necessary to allocate personnel to tasks, and to assign work-rest schedules. An elemental analysis approach for predicting one's energy expenditure in industrial jobs was applied to low-gravity conditions in this paper. This was achieved by a reduction of input body and load weights in a well-accepted model, in proportion to lowered gravity, such as on the moon. Validation was achieved by applying the model to Apollo-era energy expenditure data. These data were from simulated lunar gravity walking studies, observed Apollo 14 walking, simulated lunar gravity upper body torquing, and simulated lunar gravity cart pulling. The energy expenditure model generally underpredicted high energy expenditures, and overpredicted low to medium energy expenditures. The predictions for low to medium workloads were, however, within 15-30% of actual values. Future developmental work will be necessary to include the effects of traction changes, as well as other nonlinear expenditure changes in reduced gravity environments.
当我们计划在低重力环境中长期生活和工作时，一个预测任务支持需求（如食物和水）的系统变得至关重要。这样一个系统必须考虑体力任务所带来的工作量，以便有效地估计这些物资。准确估计空间站或月球基地上人类的能量消耗对于合理分配人员任务以及安排工作休息时间表也是必要的。本文将一种预测工业工作中人体能量消耗的元素分析方法应用于低重力条件。这是通过在一个广为接受的模型中，按照月球等低重力环境下重力降低的比例，减少输入的身体重量和负载重量来实现的。通过将该模型应用于阿波罗时代的能量消耗数据来进行验证。这些数据来自模拟月球重力行走研究、观察到的阿波罗14号行走、模拟月球重力上身扭矩测试以及模拟月球重力拉车测试。该能量消耗模型通常低估了高能量消耗，而高估了低到中等能量消耗。然而，对于低到中等工作量的预测与实际值的偏差在15%至30%以内。未来需要开展进一步的研发工作，以纳入牵引力变化以及低重力环境中其他非线性能量消耗变化的影响。
